DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.009
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84927619257
论文题名: Review of the efficacy of low emission zones to improve urban air quality in European cities
作者: Holman C ; , Harrison R ; , Querol X
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2015
卷: 111 起始页码: 161
结束页码: 169
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Air quality
; LEZs
; Low emissions zone
; NO2
; PM10
; Vehicle emissions
Scopus关键词: Air quality
; Airships
; Fleet operations
; Nitrogen oxides
; Vehicles
; Aerodynamic diameters
; Ambient concentrations
; Ambient measurement
; Carbonaceous particles
; Heavy duty vehicles
; LEZs
; Low emission
; Vehicle emission
; Particles (particulate matter)
; nitrogen oxide
; air quality
; ambient air
; atmospheric pollution
; concentration (composition)
; emission control
; European Union
; particulate matter
; pollution policy
; air quality
; air quality standard
; Denmark
; environment
; environmental monitoring
; environmental planning
; exhaust gas
; Germany
; history
; human
; Italy
; low emission zone
; meteorology
; model
; Netherlands
; particulate matter
; priority journal
; Review
; United Kingdom
; urban area
; Denmark
; Germany
; Italy
; Netherlands
; United Kingdom
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Many cities still exceed the European Union (EU) air quality limit values for particulate matter (PM10 , particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm) and/or nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ). In an attempt to reduce emissions approximately 200 low emission zones (LEZs) have been established in 12 EU countries. These restrict the entry of vehicles based on the emission standard the vehicles were originally constructed to meet, but the restrictions vary considerably. This paper reviews the evidence on the efficacy of LEZs to improve urban air quality in five EU countries (Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Italy and UK), and concludes that there have been mixed results. There is some evidence from ambient measurements that LEZs in Germany, which restrict passenger cars as well as heavy duty vehicles (HDVs), have reduced long term average PM10 and NO2 concentrations by a few percent. Elsewhere, where restrictions are limited to HDVs, the picture is much less clear. This may be due to the large number of confounding factors. On the other hand there is some, albeit limited, evidence that LEZs may result in larger reductions in concentrations of carbonaceous particles, due to traffic making a larger contribution to ambient concentrations of these particles than to PM10 and PM2.5 . The effects of day to day variations in meteorology on concentrations often mask more subtle effects of a LEZ. In addition, separating the direct effects of a LEZ from the effects of other policy measures, the economy and the normal renewal of the vehicle fleet is not easy, and may give rise to false results. © 2015. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/81778
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Brook Cottage Consultants, Elberton, Bristol BS35 4AQ, United Kingdom; Inst. of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Environmental Sciences, Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Recommended Citation:
Holman C,, Harrison R,, Querol X. Review of the efficacy of low emission zones to improve urban air quality in European cities[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2015-01-01,111