DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.03.055
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84922668681
论文题名: U.S. NO<inf>2</inf> trends (2005-2013): EPA Air Quality System (AQS) data versus improved observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)
作者: Lamsal L ; N ; , Duncan B ; N ; , Yoshida Y ; , Krotkov N ; A ; , Pickering K ; E ; , Streets D ; G ; , Lu Z
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2015
卷: 110 起始页码: 130
结束页码: 143
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Air quality
; Aura OMI
; Nitrogen dioxide
; Trend
; Troposphere
Scopus关键词: Air quality
; Environmental protection
; Environmental Protection Agency
; Nitrogen
; Nitrogen oxides
; Ozone
; Surface measurement
; Troposphere
; Ultraviolet spectrometers
; Aura OMI
; Chemistry and transport models
; Ground level concentrations
; Nitrogen dioxides
; Ozone monitoring instruments
; Trend
; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
; Vertical column densities
; Reduction
; nitrogen dioxide
; air quality
; Aura (satellite)
; environmental policy
; nitrogen oxides
; ozone
; seasonal variation
; spatiotemporal analysis
; troposphere
; air monitoring
; air pollution
; air quality
; Article
; electric power plant
; nitrous oxide emission
; pollution monitoring
; priority journal
; seasonal variation
; trend study
; United States
; United States
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx ) and, subsequently, atmospheric levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) have decreased over the U.S. due to a combination of environmental policies and technological change. Consequently, NO2 levels have decreased by 30-40% in the last decade. We quantify NO2 trends (2005-2013) over the U.S. using surface measurements from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Air Quality System (AQS) and an improved tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD) data product from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite. We demonstrate that the current OMI NO2 algorithm is of sufficient maturity to allow a favorable correspondence of trends and variations in OMI and AQS data. Our trend model accounts for the non-linear dependence of NO2 concentration on emissions associated with the seasonal variation of the chemical lifetime, including the change in the amplitude of the seasonal cycle associated with the significant change in NOx emissions that occurred over the last decade. The direct relationship between observations and emissions becomes more robust when one accounts for these non-linear dependencies. We improve the OMI NO2 standard retrieval algorithm and, subsequently, the data product by using monthly vertical concentration profiles, a required algorithm input, from a high-resolution chemistry and transport model (CTM) simulation with varying emissions (2005-2013). The impact of neglecting the time-dependence of the profiles leads to errors in trend estimation, particularly in regions where emissions have changed substantially. For example, trends calculated from retrievals based on time-dependent profiles offer 18% more instances of significant trends and up to 15% larger total NO2 reduction versus the results based on profiles for 2005. Using a CTM, we explore the theoretical relation of the trends estimated from NO2 VCDs to those estimated from ground-level concentrations. The model-simulated trends in VCDs strongly correlate with those estimated from surface concentrations (r=0.83, N=355). We then explore the observed correspondence of trends estimated from OMI and AQS data. We find a significant, but slightly weaker, correspondence (i.e., r=0.68, N=208) than predicted by the model and discuss some of the important factors affecting the relationship, including known problems (e.g., NOz interferents) associated with the AQS data. This significant correspondence gives confidence in trend and surface concentration estimates from OMI VCDs for locations, such as the majority of the U.S. and globe, that are not covered by surface monitoring networks. Using our improved trend model and our enhanced OMI data product, we find that both OMI and AQS data show substantial downward trends from 2005 to 2013, with an average reduction of 38% for each over the U.S. The annual reduction rates inferred from OMI and AQS measurements are larger (-4.8±1.9%/yr,-3.7±1.5%/yr) from 2005 to 2008 than 2010 to 2013 (-1.2±1.2%/yr,-2.1±1.4%/yr). We quantify NO2 trends for major U.S. cities and power plants; the latter suggest larger negative trend (-4.0±1.5%/yr) between 2005 and 2008 and smaller or insignificant changes (-0.5±1.2%/yr) during 2010-2013. © 2015 The Authors. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/81788
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, United States; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Science Systems and Applications, Inc.MD, United States; Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States
Recommended Citation:
Lamsal L,N,, Duncan B,et al. U.S. NO<inf>2</inf> trends (2005-2013): EPA Air Quality System (AQS) data versus improved observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2015-01-01,110