DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.064
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85027942473
论文题名: WHO indoor air quality guidelines on household fuel combustion: Strategy implications of new evidence on interventions and exposure-risk functions
作者: Bruce N ; , Pope D ; , Rehfuess E ; , Balakrishnan K ; , Adair-Rohani H ; , Dora C
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2015
卷: 106 起始页码: 451
结束页码: 457
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Clean fuels
; Exposure-response
; Household air pollution
; Testing and standards
; WHO guidelines
Scopus关键词: Air pollution
; Air quality
; Carbon monoxide
; Combustion
; Health
; Health risks
; Indoor air pollution
; Mobile security
; Pollution
; Pollution control
; Risk management
; Standards
; Stoves
; Testing
; Absolute reduction
; Ambient air pollution
; Clean fuel
; Combustion pollutions
; Exposure-response
; Personal exposures
; Post interventions
; WHO guidelines
; Fuels
; carbon monoxide
; fuel
; air quality
; atmospheric pollution
; combustion
; guideline
; health risk
; pollution exposure
; public health
; standard (regulation)
; World Health Organization
; adult disease
; air pollution
; air quality
; air quality guidelines
; ambient air
; Article
; child health
; childhood disease
; clinical evaluation
; combustion
; controlled study
; environmental exposure
; environmental health
; health hazard
; household
; household air pollution
; human
; integrated exposure response function
; intervention study
; kitchen
; meta analysis (topic)
; outcome assessment
; particulate matter
; passive smoking
; pollution control
; practice guideline
; priority journal
; risk assessment
; risk reduction
; smoking
; solid
; systematic review (topic)
; world health organization
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Background: 2.8 billion people use solid fuels as their primary cooking fuel; the resulting high levels of household air pollution (HAP) were estimated to cause more than 4 million premature deaths in 2012. The people most affected are among the world's poorest, and past experience has shown that securing adoption and sustained use of effective, low-emission stove technologies and fuels in such populations is not easy. Among the questions raised by these challenges are (i) to what levels does HAP exposure need to be reduced in order to ensure that substantial health benefits are achieved, and (ii) what intervention technologies and fuels can achieve the required levels of HAP in practice? New WHO air quality guidelines are being developed to address these issues. Aims: To address the above questions drawing on evidence from new evidence reviews conducted for the WHO guidelines. Methods: Discussion of key findings from reviews covering (i) systematic reviews of health risks from HAP exposure, (ii) newly developed exposure-response functions which combine combustion pollution risk evidence from ambient air pollution, second-hand smoke, HAP and active smoking, and (iii) a systematic review of the impacts of solid fuel and clean fuel interventions on kitchen levels of, and personal exposure to, PM2.5 and carbon monoxide (CO). Findings: Evidence on health risks from HAP suggest that controlling this exposure could reduce the risk of multiple child and adult health outcomes by 20-50%. The new integrated exposure-response functions (IERs) indicate that in order to secure these benefits, HAP levels require to be reduced to the WHO IT-1 annual average level (35μg/m3 PM2.5), or below. The second review found that, in practice, solid fuel 'improved stoves' led to large percentage and absolute reductions, but post-intervention kitchen levels were still very high, at several hundreds of μg/m3 of PM2.5, although most solid fuel stove types met the WHO 24-hr average guideline for CO of 7mg/m3. Clean fuel user studies were few, but also did not meet IT-1 for PM2.5, likely due to a combination of continuing multiple stove and fuel use, other sources in the home (e.g. kerosene lamps), and pollution from neighbours and other outdoor sources. Conclusions: Together, this evidence implies there needs to be a strategic shift towards more rapid and widespread promotion of clean fuels, along with efforts to encourage more exclusive use and control other sources in and around the home. For households continuing to rely on solid fuels, the best possible low-emission solid fuel stoves should be promoted, backed up by testing and in-field evaluation. © 2014 The Authors. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/81893
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
Recommended Citation:
Bruce N,, Pope D,, Rehfuess E,et al. WHO indoor air quality guidelines on household fuel combustion: Strategy implications of new evidence on interventions and exposure-risk functions[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2015-01-01,106