DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.046
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84929301862
论文题名: Measurement of particulate matter emissions from in-use locomotives
作者: Krasowsky T ; , Daher N ; , Sioutas C ; , Ban-Weiss G
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2015
卷: 113 起始页码: 187
结束页码: 196
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Aerosols
; Black carbon
; Emissions
; Locomotive
; Particulate matter
; Train
Scopus关键词: Aerosols
; Automobiles
; Carbon
; Containers
; Engines
; Geographical regions
; Locomotives
; Machinery
; Particles (particulate matter)
; Trucks
; Black carbon
; Diesel truck emissions
; Freight locomotives
; Particle surface area
; Particulate Matter
; Particulate matter emissions
; Standard deviation
; Train
; Particulate emissions
; black carbon
; carbon dioxide
; diesel fuel
; black carbon
; carbon dioxide
; concentration (composition)
; diesel engine
; emission inventory
; engine
; measurement method
; particulate matter
; pollutant source
; pollution exposure
; sampling
; trucking
; Article
; carbon balance
; diesel engine
; exhaust gas
; high temperature
; measurement
; particle size
; particulate matter
; plume
; priority journal
; railway
; seasonal variation
; surface area
; United States
; California
; Long Beach [California]
; Los Angeles [California]
; United States
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Particulate matter emissions from a large sample (N = 88) of in-use line-haul freight locomotives were measured in the Alameda Corridor, located near the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Emission factors for black carbon (BC), particle number (PN), fine particulate mass (PM2.5 ), and lung-deposited particle surface area (LDSA) were computed based on 1 Hz measurements of the rise and fall of particulate matter and CO2 concentrations as the locomotives passed the sampling location. We include LDSA emission factors as relevant for near-source human exposures. Mean emission factors±standard deviations were 0.9 ± 0.5 g kg-1 fuel consumed for BC, (2.1 ± 1.5) × 1016 # kg-1 for PN, 1.6 ± 1.3 g kg-1 for PM2.5 , and (2.2 ± 1.7) × 1013 μm2 kg-1 for LDSA. Emission factors for individual trains were slightly skewed, with the dirtiest 10% of trains responsible for 20%, 24%, 28%, and 27% of total BC, PN, PM2.5 , and LDSA emissions, respectively. The relative importance of high-emitters is therefore lower for these locomotives relative to previously reported diesel truck emissions. BC versus PN emissions from individual locomotives were found to be anti-correlated, suggesting that the highest emitters of particle numbers are the lowest emitters of black carbon. Using results presented here along with previous measurements, we compared for freight trains versus diesel trucks the amount of BC emissions associated with pulling an intermodal freight container over a given distance. This assumption-dependent comparison showed that in most cases locomotives emit less BC per container hauled than diesel trucks. However, continual decreases in diesel truck BC means that unless emissions from locomotives are decreased in the near future, emissions associated with hauling a container could become lower for diesel trucks than locomotives. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/82077
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 South Vermont Street KAP 210, Los Angeles, CA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Krasowsky T,, Daher N,, Sioutas C,et al. Measurement of particulate matter emissions from in-use locomotives[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2015-01-01,113