DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.001
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84999836232
论文题名: Large reductions in urban black carbon concentrations in the United States between 1965 and 2000
作者: Kirchstetter T ; W ; , Preble C ; V ; , Hadley O ; L ; , Bond T ; C ; , Apte J ; S
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2017
卷: 151 起始页码: 17
结束页码: 23
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Air pollution
; Carbon dioxide emissions
; Coefficient of haze
; Concentration trends
; Elemental carbon
; Energy consumption
Scopus关键词: Air quality
; Carbon dioxide
; Energy utilization
; Fossil fuels
; Fuel oils
; Fuels
; Gas emissions
; Global warming
; Natural gas vehicles
; Oils and fats
; Pollution
; Atmospheric warming
; Carbon dioxide emissions
; Coefficient of haze
; Concentration trends
; Elemental carbon
; Historical transition
; Pollutant concentration
; San Jose , California
; Air pollution
; black carbon
; carbon dioxide
; coal
; fossil fuel
; fuel oil
; natural gas
; air quality
; atmospheric pollution
; black carbon
; carbon emission
; concentration (composition)
; electricity
; elemental carbon
; emission control
; energy resource
; fossil fuel
; fuel consumption
; haze
; liquefied natural gas
; natural gas
; spatiotemporal analysis
; traffic emission
; trend analysis
; urban site
; air pollution
; Article
; California
; carbon footprint
; climate
; controlled study
; electricity
; energy consumption
; haze
; Illinois
; Missouri
; New Jersey
; Ohio
; particulate matter
; Pennsylvania
; pollutant
; priority journal
; stretching
; United States
; urban area
; Virginia
; warming
; United States
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Long-term pollutant concentration trends can be useful for evaluating air quality effects of emission controls and historical transitions in energy sources. We employed archival records of coefficient of haze (COH), a now-retired measure of light-absorbing particulate matter, to re-construct historical black carbon (BC) concentrations at urban locations in the United States (U.S.). The following relationship between COH and BC was determined by reinstating into service COH monitors beside aethalometers for two years in Vallejo and one year in San Jose, California: BC (μg m−3) = 6.7COH + 0.1, R2 = 0.9. Estimated BC concentrations in ten states stretching from the East to West Coast decreased markedly between 1965 and 1980: 5-fold in Illinois, Ohio, and Virginia, 4-fold in Missouri, and 2.5-fold in Pennsylvania. Over the period from the mid-1960s to the early 2000s, annual average BC concentrations in New Jersey and California decreased from 13 to 2 μg m−3 and 4 to 1 μg m−3, respectively, despite concurrent increases in fossil fuel consumption from 1.6 to 2.1 EJ (EJ = 1018 J) in New Jersey and 4.2 to 6.4 EJ in California. New Jersey's greater reliance on BC-producing heavy fuel oils and coal in the 1960s and early 1970s and subsequent transition to cleaner fuels explains why the decrease was larger in New Jersey than California. Patterns in seasonal and weekly BC concentrations and energy consumption trends together indicate that reducing wintertime emissions – namely substituting natural gas and electricity for heavy fuel oil in the residential sector – and decreasing emissions from diesel vehicles contributed to lower ambient BC concentrations. Over the period of study, declining concentrations of BC, a potent and short-lived climate warming pollutant, contrast increasing fossil fuel carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the U.S. Declining BC emissions may have had the benefit of mitigating some atmospheric warming driven by increased CO2 emissions with complementary health benefits. © 2016 Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/82246
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryCA, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, United States
Recommended Citation:
Kirchstetter T,W,, Preble C,et al. Large reductions in urban black carbon concentrations in the United States between 1965 and 2000[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,151