Gas chromatography
; Mass spectrometry
; Photooxidation
; Volatile organic compounds
; Acid anhydride
; Citraconic anhydrides
; Fine particulate matter
; GCMS
; Maleic anyhdride
; Method development
; Methylsuccinic anyhydride
; Secondary organic aerosols
; Succinic anhydride
; Aerosols
; 3 methyl 2,5 furandione
; dicarboxylic acid derivative
; dihydro 2,5 furandione
; dihydro 3 methyl 2,5 furandione
; maleic anhydride
; unclassified drug
; volatile organic compound
; aerosol
; anthropogenic effect
; carboxylic acid
; chemical compound
; concentration (composition)
; gas chromatography
; health impact
; mass spectrometry
; numerical method
; particulate matter
; photooxidation
; tracer
; volatile organic compound
; accuracy
; aerosol
; Article
; concentration (parameters)
; environmental temperature
; high temperature
; Iowa
; low temperature
; mass fragmentography
; molecular weight
; particle size
; particulate matter
; photooxidation
; priority journal
; quantitative analysis
; temperature
; Iowa
; Iowa City
; United States
Scopus学科分类:
Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要:
Furandiones are products of the photooxidation of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC), like toluene, and contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Because few molecular tracers of anthropogenic SOA are used to assess this source in ambient aerosol, developing a quantification method for furandiones holds a great importance. In this study, we developed a direct and highly sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of furandiones in fine particulate matter that is mainly free from interference by structurally-related dicarboxylic acids. Our application of this method in Iowa City, IA provides the first ambient measurements of four furandiones: 2,5-furandione, 3-methyl-2,5-furandione, dihydro-2,5-furandione, and dihydro-3-methyl-2,5-furandione. Furandiones were detected in all collected samples with a daily average concentration of 9.1���3.8�ng�m−3. The developed method allows for the accurate measurement of the furandiones concentrations in ambient aerosol, which will support future evaluation of these compounds as tracers for anthropogenic SOA and assessment of their potential health impacts. � 2017 Elsevier Ltd