DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.04.031
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85018302958
论文题名: Occurrence and source apportionment of halogenated flame retardants in the indoor air of Nepalese cities: Implication on human health
作者: Yadav I ; C ; , Devi N ; L ; , Li J ; , Zhang G
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2017
卷: 161 起始页码: 122
结束页码: 131
语种: 英语
英文关键词: DPs
; Flame retardants
; NBFRs
; Nepal
; PBDEs
; Plasticizers
Scopus关键词: Atmospheric movements
; Consumer products
; Halogenation
; Organic pollutants
; Plasticizers
; Solvents
; Chlorinated flame retardants
; Halogenated flame retardant
; Long-range atmospheric transports
; NBFRs
; Nepal
; Orders of magnitude
; PBDEs
; Source apportionment
; Flame retardants
; 2,2',4,4' tetrabromodiphenyl ether
; 2,2',4,4',5,5' hexabromodiphenyl ether
; bde 99
; decabromodiphenyl ether
; flame retardant
; unclassified drug
; ambient air
; atmospheric pollution
; concentration (composition)
; emission inventory
; flame retardant
; halogenated hydrocarbon
; health risk
; indoor air
; plastic
; pollutant source
; pollution monitoring
; public health
; spatial distribution
; ambient air
; Article
; atmospheric transport
; bromination
; building material
; chlorination
; halogenation
; human
; Nepal
; priority journal
; China
; India
; Nepal
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Elevated level of brominated- and chlorinated-flame retardants (FRs) have been accounted in ambient air across the globe. Despite what might be expected, restricted information is available on PBDEs and other halogenated FR contained indoor air in whole of Indian sub-continent especially in case of Nepal, sandwiched between two most populous countries i.e. India and China. It was conjectured that the level of halogenated flame retardant (HFRs) in Nepalese air would be high because they have not been liable to control in Nepal; and henceforth there is more plausibility of HFRs to be available in a diverse array of goods and consumer products. This study therefore aims to measure the occurrence, spatial distributions and sources of 15 brominated- and 2 chlorinated-FRs in indoor air from four major cities of Nepal. The overall concentrations of HFRs ranged from 16.1 to 6750 pg/m3 (median 334 pg/m3). The total concentrations of novel brominated fire retardants (NBFRs) were 20 and 100 times (13.2–6270 pg/m3) higher than PBDEs (2.2–353 pg/m3) and DPs (0.67–129 pg/m3), respectively indicating much higher usages of NBFRs in Nepal. The level of ∑PBDEs in air is identified with utilization of wide variety of consumers products and building materials containing FRs in Nepalese houses, while higher concentration of BDE-209 were subject to emission from materials containing deca-BDE formulation. Significantly higher concentrations of DBDPE than BDE-209 in air demonstrated a move to more prominent use of DBDPE as alternative to BDE-209. The lower fanti ratios suggests the DP level in this study was essentially affected by the long range atmospheric transport from remote DP source instead of commercial products. The exposure to BDE-47, -99, −153, −209 and HBB via inhalation was 3–4 orders of magnitude lower than corresponding RfD values, suggesting insignificant risk to Nepalese population. However, other modes of human exposure might still be significant in Nepal. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/82356
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, BIT Campus Patna, Bihar, India
Recommended Citation:
Yadav I,C,, Devi N,et al. Occurrence and source apportionment of halogenated flame retardants in the indoor air of Nepalese cities: Implication on human health[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,161