DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.10.023
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84993210972
论文题名: Dependence of maximum concentration from chemical accidents on release duration
作者: Hanna S ; , Chang J
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2017
卷: 148 起始页码: 1
结束页码: 7
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Chemical accidents
; Chlorine
; Effects of release duration
; Jack Rabbit field experiment
; Plume dispersion
; Puff dispersion
Scopus关键词: Chlorine
; Dispersions
; Health hazards
; Respiratory system
; Tanks (containers)
; Travel time
; Video cameras
; Wind
; Chemical accident
; Effects of release duration
; Field experiment
; Plume dispersion
; Puff dispersions
; Accidents
; chlorine
; accident
; atmospheric plume
; chemical pollutant
; chlorine
; concentration (composition)
; dispersion
; experimental study
; health impact
; pollutant source
; pollution effect
; Article
; chemical accident
; cloud
; dispersion
; field experiment
; jack rabbit I field experiment
; model
; plume
; prediction
; priority journal
; reduction
; Lepus
; Neptunia
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Chemical accidents often involve releases of a total mass, Q, of stored material in a tank over a time duration, td, of less than a few minutes. The value of td is usually uncertain because of lack of knowledge of key information, such as the size and location of the hole and the pressure and temperature of the chemical. In addition, it is rare that eyewitnesses or video cameras are present at the time of the accident. For inhalation hazards, serious health effects (such as damage to the respiratory system) are determined by short term averages (<1 min) of concentrations, C. It is intuitively obvious that, for a ground level source and with all conditions the same (e.g., the same mass Q released), the maximum C near the source will be larger for a shorter than a longer release duration, td. This paper investigates the variation with downwind distance, x, of the ratio of maximum C for two time durations of release. Some simplified formulas for dispersion from finite duration releases are presented based on dimensional analysis. A primary dimensionless number of importance is the ratio of the release duration, td, to the travel time tt = x/u, at distance, x, where u is wind speed. Examples of applications to pressurized liquefied chlorine releases from tanks are given, focusing on scenarios from the Jack Rabbit I (JR I) field experiment. The analytical calculations and the predictions of the SLAB dense gas dispersion model agree that the ratio of maximum C for two different td's is greatest (as much as a factor of ten) near the source. At large distances (beyond a few km for the JR I scenarios), where tt exceeds both td's, the ratio of maximum C approaches unity. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/82439
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Hanna Consultants, 7 Crescent Ave., Kennebunkport, ME, United States; Homeland Security Studies and Analysis Institute, Falls Church, VA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Hanna S,, Chang J. Dependence of maximum concentration from chemical accidents on release duration[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,148