DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.06.037
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85025654084
论文题名: Differences between emissions measured in urban driving and certification testing of heavy-duty diesel engines
作者: Dixit P ; , Miller J ; W ; , Cocker D ; R ; , III, Oshinuga A ; , Jiang Y ; , Durbin T ; D ; , Johnson K ; C
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2017
卷: 166 起始页码: 276
结束页码: 285
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Heavy-duty diesel trucks
; NOx emissions
; NTE
; SCR
Scopus关键词: Ammonia
; Automobiles
; Chassis
; Diesel engines
; Digital storage
; Dynamometers
; Engines
; Exhaust gas recirculation
; Exhaust gases
; Gases
; Greenhouse gases
; Load testing
; Nitrogen oxides
; Selective catalytic reduction
; Thyristors
; Trucks
; Certification standards
; Certification testing
; Chassis dynamometers
; Diesel particulate filters
; Exhaust aftertreatment
; Heavy-duty diesel
; Heavy-duty diesel engine
; NOx emissions
; Gas emissions
; ammonia
; nitrous oxide
; ammonia
; catalysis
; catalyst
; control system
; diesel engine
; emission control
; environmental assessment
; environmental monitoring
; exhaust emission
; greenhouse gas
; instrumentation
; low temperature
; metropolitan area
; nitrogen oxides
; particulate matter
; testing method
; Article
; calibration
; catalysis
; controlled study
; diesel engine
; exhaust gas
; greenhouse gas
; limit of detection
; nitrous oxide emission
; priority journal
; reduction (chemistry)
; urban area
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Emissions from eight heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) equipped with three different exhaust aftertreatment systems (ATS) for controlling nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions were quantified on a chassis dynamometer using driving schedules representative of stop-and-go and free-flow driving in metropolitan areas. The three control technologies were: 1) cooled exhaust gas recirculation (CEGR) plus a diesel particulate filter (DPF); 2) CEGR and DPF plus advanced engine controls; and 3) CEGR and DPF plus selective catalytic reduction with ammonia (SCR). Results for all control technologies and driving conditions showed PM emission factors were less than the standard, while selected non-regulated emissions (ammonia, carbonyls, and C4–C12 hydrocarbons) and a greenhouse gas (nitrous oxide) were at measurement detection limits. However, NOx emission factors depended on the control technology, engine calibration, and driving mode. For example, emissions from engines with cooled-exhaust gas recirculation (CEGR) were 239% higher for stop-and-go driving as compared with free-flow. For CEGR plus selective catalytic reduction (SCR), the ratio was 450%. A deeper analysis was carried out with the assumption that emissions measured for a drive cycle on either the chassis or in-use driving would be similar. Applying the same NTE rules to the chassis data showed emissions during stop-and-go driving often exceeded the certification standard and >90% of the driving did not fall within the Not-To-Exceed (NTE) control area suggesting the NTE requirements do not provide sufficient emissions control under in-use conditions. On-road measurement of emissions using the same mobile lab while the vehicle followed a free-flow driving schedule verified the chassis results. These results have implications for scientists who build inventories using certification values instead of real world emission values and for metropolitan populations, who are exposed to elevated emissions. The differences in values between real world emissions and certification cycles should be narrowed. For example, one might use a different mix of cold and hot start testing to greater emphasize low temperature/load operation, a separate cycle to specifically characterize low-load operation, or broaden the in-use compliance testing requirements and associated conformity factors to incorporate a wider envelope of vehicle operation, especially at low load conditions.. © 2017 Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/82535
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States; Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), United States; South Coast Air Quality Management District, 21865 Copley Drive, Diamond Bar, CA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Dixit P,, Miller J,W,et al. Differences between emissions measured in urban driving and certification testing of heavy-duty diesel engines[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,166