Air quality
; Carbon dioxide
; Deforestation
; Volatile organic compounds
; Combustion efficiencies
; Continuous emissions monitoring systems
; Emission sampling
; Laboratory testing
; Mobile applications
; Particulate Matter
; Sensor systems
; Time-integrated samplers
; Mobile antennas
; black carbon
; carbon dioxide
; carbon monoxide
; volatile organic compound
; aerial survey
; air quality
; atmospheric pollution
; combustion
; concentration (composition)
; instrumentation
; laboratory method
; monitoring system
; open space
; particulate matter
; real time
; sampling
; sensor
; time series analysis
; unmanned vehicle
; volatile organic compound
; air monitoring
; air quality
; Article
; carbon dioxide gas analyzer
; combustion
; electrochemistry
; fire
; forest
; global positioning system
; kolibri sensor
; lagoon
; landfill
; mobile application
; noise
; particulate matter
; power supply
; priority journal
; radio
; sampling
; sensor
Scopus学科分类:
Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要:
Characterizing highly dynamic, transient, and vertically lofted emissions from open area sources poses unique measurement challenges. This study developed and applied a multipollutant sensor and time-integrated sampler system for use on mobile applications such as vehicles, tethered balloons (aerostats) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to determine emission factors. The system is particularly applicable to open area sources, such as forest fires, due to its light weight (3.5 kg), compact size (6.75 L), and internal power supply. The sensor system, termed “Kolibri”, consists of sensors measuring CO2and CO, and samplers for particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Kolibri is controlled by a microcontroller which can record and transfer data in real time through a radio module. Selection of the sensors was based on laboratory testing for accuracy, response delay and recovery, cross-sensitivity, and precision. The Kolibri was compared against rack-mounted continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMs) and another mobile sampling instrument (the “Flyer”) that has been used in over ten open area pollutant sampling events. Our results showed that the time series of CO, CO2, and PM2.5concentrations measured by the Kolibri agreed well with those from the CEMs and the Flyer, with a laboratory-tested percentage error of 4.9%, 3%, and 5.8%, respectively. The VOC emission factors obtained using the Kolibri were consistent with existing literature values that relate concentration to modified combustion efficiency. The potential effect of rotor downwash on particle sampling was investigated in an indoor laboratory and the preliminary results suggested that its influence is minimal. Field application of the Kolibri sampling open detonation plumes indicated that the CO and CO2sensors responded dynamically and their concentrations co-varied with emission transients. The Kolibri system can be applied to various challenging open area scenarios such as fires, lagoons, flares, and landfills. � 2017
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC, United States; University of Dayton Research Institute, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, United States; U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC, United States
Recommended Citation:
Zhou X,, Aurell J,, Mitchell W,et al. A small, lightweight multipollutant sensor system for ground-mobile and aerial emission sampling from open area sources[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,154