black carbon
; diesel fuel
; fuel oil
; heavy metal
; kerosene
; nickel
; petroleum
; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
; sulfur
; vanadium
; air pollution
; air pollution control
; chromatin
; combustion
; energy metabolism
; environmental protection
; follow up
; human
; Letter
; oxidative stress
; particulate matter
; priority journal
; protein synthesis
Scopus学科分类:
Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要:
The usage of marine fuels shifted from middle distillates of the crude oil refinery towards cheaper heavy fuel oils (HFO), or also called residual fuel oil. HFO refers to the vacuum residue of the crude oil refinery blended by lighter refinery products, e.g., kerosene, to meet a particular maximum viscosity. HFOs are rich in sulfur and heavy metals which end up as constituents of emitted particulate matter (PM2.5) after the combustion. The emitted hazardous species provide reliable markers to assess the contribution of the emission source to air pollution in source apportionment. The Marine Environmental Protection Committee of the International Maritime Organization decided to restrict the marine fuel-sulfur content in international waters from 3.5% to 0.5% and from 1% to 0.1% in sulfur emission control areas (SECA), which includes coastal regions of Europe and North America, respectively. Regardless the success of failure of SECA in reducing air pollution and the effects of ship emissions on human health and climate, the common source markers have to keep up with the times and need to be modified as regulations changes to obtain reliable source apportionment studies and air quality assessments.
Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, Rostock, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Complex Molecular Analysis” (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
Recommended Citation:
Czech H,, Schnelle-Kreis J,, Zimmermann R. New directions: Beyond sulphur, vanadium and nickel – About source apportionment of ship emissions in emission control areas[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,163