Ethane
; Gas emissions
; Gases
; Natural gas
; Propane
; Roads and streets
; Background level
; Emission inventories
; High frequency HF
; In-situ observations
; Long range transport
; Natural gas leakage
; NMVOC inventories
; Oil and gas operations
; Urban growth
; benzene
; butane
; ethane
; gasoline
; natural gas
; propane
; emission inventory
; ethane
; leakage
; long range transport
; natural gas
; propane
; road traffic
; rural area
; trend analysis
; urban area
; air pollutant
; Article
; boundary layer
; circadian rhythm
; England
; exhaust gas
; human
; priority journal
; rural area
; United Kingdom
; urban area
; urban population
; United Kingdom
Scopus学科分类:
Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要:
Continuous, high frequency in situ observations of ethane and propane began in the United Kingdom in 1993 and have continued through to the present day at a range of kerbside, urban background and rural locations. Whilst other monitored C2– C8hydrocarbons have shown dramatic declines in concentrations by close to or over an order of magnitude, ethane and propane levels have remained at or close to their 1993 values. Urban ethane sources appear to be dominated by natural gas leakage. Background levels of ethane associated with long range transport are rising. However, natural gas leakage is not the sole source of urban propane. Oil and gas operations lead to elevated propane levels in urban centres when important refinery operations are located nearby. Weekend versus weekday average diurnal curves for ethane and propane at an urban background site in London show the importance of natural gas leakage for both ethane and propane, and road traffic sources for propane. The road traffic source of propane was tentatively identified as arising from petrol-engined motor vehicle refuelling and showed a strong downwards trend at the long-running urban background and rural sites. The natural gas leakage source of ethane and propane in the observations exhibits an upwards trend whereas that in the UK emission inventory trends downwards. Also, inventory emissions for natural gas leakage appeared to be significantly underestimated compared with the observations. In addition, the observed ethane to propane ratio found here for natural gas leakage strongly disagreed with the inventory ratio. � 2017 Elsevier Ltd
rdscientific, Newbury, United Kingdom; Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States; Ricardo-AEA, Gemini Building, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
Recommended Citation:
Derwent R,G,, Field R,et al. Origins and trends in ethane and propane in the United Kingdom from 1993 to 2012[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2017-01-01,156