DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.030
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85039848786
论文题名: High contributions of vehicular emissions to ammonia in three European cities derived from mobile measurements
作者: Elser M ; , El-Haddad I ; , Maasikmets M ; , Bozzetti C ; , Wolf R ; , Ciarelli G ; , Slowik J ; G ; , Richter R ; , Teinemaa E ; , Hüglin C ; , Baltensperger U ; , Prévôt A ; S ; H
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2018
卷: 175 起始页码: 210
结束页码: 220
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Aerosol mass spectrometer
; Ammonia
; Emission factors
; Sources
; Traffic
; Urban
Scopus关键词: Aerosols
; Air pollution
; Ammonia
; Carbon dioxide
; Elementary particle sources
; Fleet operations
; Fuels
; Light measurement
; Mass spectrometers
; Nitrogen compounds
; Particulate emissions
; Pollution
; Spectroscopy
; Sulfur compounds
; Telecommunication traffic
; Aerosol mass spectrometers
; Agricultural activities
; Background concentration
; Cavity ring down spectroscopies
; Emission factors
; Quantitative measurement
; Traffic-related pollutants
; Urban
; Spectrometers
; ammonia
; ammonium nitrate
; ammonium sulfate
; black carbon
; carbon dioxide
; fuel
; adsorption
; ammonium
; anthropogenic source
; atmospheric pollution
; biomass burning
; black carbon
; carbon dioxide
; concentration (composition)
; measurement method
; spatial distribution
; spectrometer
; traffic emission
; urban pollution
; adsorption
; aerosol
; agriculture
; air pollution
; Article
; biomass
; comparative study
; Estonia
; Europe
; exhaust gas
; hysteresis
; measurement
; priority journal
; quantitative analysis
; Switzerland
; urban area
; Estonia
; Switzerland
; Tallinn
; Tartu
; Zurich [Switzerland]
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Ambient ammonia (NH3) measurements were performed with a mobile platform in three European cities: Zurich (Switzerland), Tartu (Estonia) and Tallinn (Estonia) deploying an NH3 analyzer based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy. A heated inlet line along with an auxiliary flow was used to minimize NH3 adsorption onto the inlet walls. In addition, a detailed characterization of the response and recovery times of the measurement system was used to deconvolve the true NH3 signal from the remaining adsorption-induced hysteresis. Parallel measurements with an aerosol mass spectrometer were used to correct the observed NH3 for the contribution of ammonium nitrate, which completely evaporated in the heated line at the chosen temperature, in contrast to ammonium sulfate. In this way a quantitative measurement of ambient gaseous NH3 was achieved with sufficient time resolution to enable measurement of NH3 point sources with a mobile sampling platform. The NH3 analyzer and the aerosol mass spectrometer were complemented by an aethalometer and various gas-phase analyzers to enable a complete characterization of the sources of air pollution, including the spatial distributions and the regional background concentrations and urban increments of all measured components. Although at all three locations similar increment levels of organic aerosols were attributed to biomass burning and traffic, traffic emissions clearly dominated the city enhancements of NH3, equivalent black carbon (eBC) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Urban increments of 3.4, 1.8 and 3.0 ppb of NH3 were measured in the traffic areas in Zurich, Tartu and Tallinn, respectively, representing an enhancement of 36.6, 38.3 and 93.8% over the average background concentrations. Measurements in areas strongly influenced by traffic emissions (including tunnel drives) were used to estimate emission factors (EF) for the traffic-related pollutants. The obtained median EFs range between 136.8-415.1 mg kg−1 fuel for NH3, 157.1–734.8 mg kg−1 fuel for eBC and 39.9–324.3 mg kg−1 fuel for HOA. Significant differences were found between the EFs of certain components in the three cities, which were partially linked to an older vehicle fleet in Estonia compared to Switzerland. Using the determined EFs we show that traffic can fully explain the NH3 enhancements in the three cities and also presents a non-negligible fraction of the background concentrations, which are mostly related to agricultural activities. Moreover, the estimated total contribution of traffic to NH3 at all three locations is in good agreement with the available emission inventories. © 2017 Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/83066
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland; Estonian Environmental Research Centre, Tallinn, Estonia; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, EMPA, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia; Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR, CNRS, 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil et Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
Recommended Citation:
Elser M,, El-Haddad I,, Maasikmets M,et al. High contributions of vehicular emissions to ammonia in three European cities derived from mobile measurements[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2018-01-01,175