Gas emissions
; Greenhouse gases
; Global climate system
; Global temperatures
; Global-mean temperature
; Scientific Hypothesis
; Statistical assessment
; Statistically significant difference
; Temperature increase
; Temporal dependence
; Global warming
; carbon emission
; climate change
; global climate
; global warming
; greenhouse gas
; temperature
; trend analysis
Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Rm 140, Stanford, CA, United States; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Sequoia Hall, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Economics, Stanford University, 579 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, United States