water pollutant
; animal
; chemical accident
; climate
; ecosystem
; Gulf of Mexico
; oil spill
; water pollutant
; wetland
; Animals
; Chemical Hazard Release
; Climate
; Ecosystem
; Gulf of Mexico
; Petroleum Pollution
; Water Pollutants, Chemical
; Wetlands
Scopus学科分类:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences: Aquatic Science
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Oceanography
; Environmental Science: Pollution
英文摘要:
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill constituted an ecosystem-level injury in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Much oil spread at 1100–1300�m depth, contaminating and affecting deepwater habitats. Factors such as oil-biodegradation, ocean currents and response measures (dispersants, burning) reduced coastal oiling. Still, >�2100�km of shoreline and many coastal habitats were affected. Research demonstrates that oiling caused a wide range of biological effects, although worst-case impact scenarios did not materialize. Biomarkers in individual organisms were more informative about oiling stress than population and community indices. Salt marshes and seabird populations were hard hit, but were also quite resilient to oiling effects. Monitoring demonstrated little contamination of seafood. Certain impacts are still understudied, such as effects on seagrass communities. Concerns of long-term impacts remain for large fish species, deep-sea corals, sea turtles and cetaceans. These species and their habitats should continue to receive attention (monitoring and research) for years to come. � 2016 Elsevier Ltd
NIVA — Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway; School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, K7L 3N6, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Delta Independent Science Board, 980 Ninth Street, Suite 1500, Sacramento, CA, United States
Recommended Citation:
Beyer J.,Trannum H.C.,Bakke T.,et al. Environmental effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: A review[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016-01-01,110(1)