Cleaning
; Developing countries
; Geographical distribution
; Sustainable development
; Baseline
; Cuba
; Field works
; Litter
; Sustainable tourism
; Beaches
; baseline conditions
; beach
; coastal zone management
; economic impact
; environmental assessment
; litter
; marine pollution
; pollutant source
; recreational facility
; tourism
; cleaning
; Cuba
; geographic distribution
; investment
; seashore
; tourism
; Cuba
; human
; pollution
; recreation
; swimming
; travel
; Cuba
; Bathing Beaches
; Cuba
; Environmental Pollution
; Humans
; Recreation
; Travel
Scopus学科分类:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences: Aquatic Science
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Oceanography
; Environmental Science: Pollution
英文摘要:
Litter presence was assessed on the entire Cuban coastline, and includes 99 beaches from all Cuban regions, during field work carried out in 2012 and 2015. A standard method verified in several countries was applied, which classified beaches for nine types of litter into four grades (A-excellent to D-poor). Almost half of the Cuban beaches obtained excellent cleanliness scores, although many needed to be better managed. In this baseline, the most common types of residue were general litter (8% grade D and 35% grades B/C) and potentially harmful litter (<�68% with grade A). Resort beaches and those with international visitors showed the best litter management. Tourism Impacts seems to be related to visitor origin therefore choices to develop sustainable tourism in rural and village beaches (64%) appears low, if beach cleaning gross investment is focused on resort beaches (24%). Finally, this paper highlights geographical distribution and types of litter patterns. � 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Grupo GESSA, Universidad de La Costa, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias de la Terra, Universidad de Cadiz, Spain; Centro de Estudios Multidisciplinarios en Zonas Costeras, Universidad de Oriente, Cuba; Centro de Estudios de Medio ambiente y Energia, Universidad de Matanzas, Cuba; Centro de Estudios y Servicios AmbientalesVilla Clara, Cuba; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Florence, Italy; Univ. Wales, Trinity St David, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom; CICS.NOVA FCSH.UNL, Portugal
Recommended Citation:
Botero C.M.,Anfuso G.,Milanes C.,et al. Litter assessment on 99 Cuban beaches: A baseline to identify sources of pollution and impacts for tourism and recreation[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017-01-01,118(2018-01-02)