Eutrophication
; Marine pollution
; Nutrients
; Pollution
; Rivers
; Water pollution
; Coastal eutrophication
; Eutrophication potentials
; Human waste
; Model calculations
; Nutrient export
; Nutrient pollution
; Open defecation
; Orders of magnitude
; River pollution
; nitrogen
; phosphorus
; nitrogen
; phosphorus
; water pollutant
; coastal water
; defecation
; eutrophication
; marine pollution
; municipal solid waste
; pollutant source
; pollutant transport
; Article
; Bangladesh
; defecation
; eutrophication
; human waste
; India
; nutrient pollution
; Pakistan
; pollution
; pollution monitoring
; river ecosystem
; seashore
; waste
; water pollutant
; analysis
; environmental monitoring
; eutrophication
; feces
; human
; pollution
; river
; sea
; theoretical model
; Bangladesh
; India
; Pakistan
; Bangladesh
; Environmental Monitoring
; Environmental Pollution
; Eutrophication
; Feces
; Humans
; India
; Models, Theoretical
; Nitrogen
; Oceans and Seas
; Pakistan
; Phosphorus
; Rivers
; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Scopus学科分类:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences: Aquatic Science
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Oceanography
; Environmental Science: Pollution
英文摘要:
Many people practice open defecation in south Asia. As a result, lot of human waste containing nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enter rivers. Rivers transport these nutrients to coastal waters, resulting in marine pollution. This source of nutrient pollution is, however, ignored in many nutrient models. We quantify nutrient export by large rivers to coastal seas of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, and the associated eutrophication potential in 2000 and 2050. Our new estimates for N and P inputs from human waste are one to two orders of magnitude higher than earlier model calculations. This leads to higher river export of nutrients to coastal seas, increasing the risk of coastal eutrophication potential (ICEP). The newly calculated future ICEP, for instance, Godavori river is 3 times higher than according to earlier studies. Our modeling approach is simple and transparent and can easily be applied to other data-poor basins. � 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands; Department of Environmental Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands
Recommended Citation:
Amin M.N.,Kroeze C.,Strokal M.. Human waste: An underestimated source of nutrient pollution in coastal seas of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017-01-01,118(2018-01-02)