| 项目编号: | 1701790
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| 项目名称: | DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Genetic Effects of Plant Defense on Above- and Below-ground Ecological Interactions and Natural Selection |
| 作者: | Thomas Mitchell-Olds
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| 承担单位: | Duke University
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| 批准年: | 2017
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| 开始日期: | 2017-08-01
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| 结束日期: | 2019-07-31
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| 资助金额: | 20641
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| 资助来源: | US-NSF
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| 项目类别: | Standard Grant
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| 国家: | US
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| 语种: | 英语
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| 特色学科分类: | Biological Sciences - Environmental Biology
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| 英文关键词: | natural selection
; below-ground effect
; variation
; interaction
; plant growth
; chemical defense gene
; belowground effect
; pleiotropic effect
; ecological effect
; plant defensive chemical
; aboveground effect
; mustard oils
; natural plant chemical defens
; above-ground effect
; different chemical defense strategy
; plant fitness
; plant chemistry
; ecological model species
; plant-microbe interaction
; rhizosphere selection
; aboveground environment
; chemical defense strategy
; belowground fitness effect
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| 英文摘要: | Using a plant species native to the Rocky Mountains in the mustard family, Boechera stricta, the investigators will test how differences in mechanisms of natural selection across environments influences the maintenance of variation of natural plant chemical defenses. In natural populations, the persistence of variation of traits among individuals allows for adaptation to occur. Despite the central role of variation in the process of adaptation, it is poorly understood how and why variation persists in the face of natural selection eliminating less fit varieties. Chemical defense strategies (various types and concentrations of mustard oils) are highly variable across natural populations of the study species. These defensive compounds have known ecological effects, both as deterrents of insect feeding on leaves (above-ground effects) and as drivers of microbial community composition in the soil (below-ground effects). The researchers will test how plant growth and reproduction are influenced by the above- and below-ground effects of different chemical defense strategies on plant-insect and plant-microbe interactions. The project provides opportunity for undergraduate training. Planned outreach activities will target middle and high school students, and also the general public during the Crested Butte Wildflower Festival.
The pleiotropic effects of plant defensive chemicals and the genes that underlie them are well documented. In addition to influencing fitness by mediating herbivory in aboveground environments, defensive chemicals can affect microbial communities in the soil immediately surrounding root tissue. It is likely that interactions between above- and belowground selective pressures influence overall patterns of natural selection on plant chemistry. The investigators will test for pleiotropic above- and belowground effects of a chemical defense gene utilizing near-isogenic lines of the ecological model species, Boechera stricta (Brassicaceae), that vary in a gene controlling mustard oil biosynthesis to. They will first characterize the effects of defensive chemical profiles on microbial community assembly in the rhizosphere. Second, they will assess how rhizosphere selection affects plant fitness. Finally, they will test how the belowground context may modify aboveground effects of mustard oils as anti-herbivore defenses, and how interactions between the above- and belowground fitness effects of mustard oils result in the maintenance of genetic and trait diversity over space and time. |
| 资源类型: | 项目
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| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/89568
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| Appears in Collections: | 全球变化的国际研究计划
科学计划与规划
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| Recommended Citation: | |
Thomas Mitchell-Olds. DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Genetic Effects of Plant Defense on Above- and Below-ground Ecological Interactions and Natural Selection. 2017-01-01.
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