| 项目编号: | 1655896
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| 项目名称: | Phylogenetic Disease Ecology of Plants |
| 作者: | Ingrid Parker
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| 承担单位: | University of California-Santa Cruz
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| 批准年: | 2017
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| 开始日期: | 2017-08-01
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| 结束日期: | 2020-07-31
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| 资助金额: | 783039
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| 资助来源: | US-NSF
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| 项目类别: | Standard Grant
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| 国家: | US
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| 语种: | 英语
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| 特色学科分类: | Biological Sciences - Environmental Biology
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| 英文关键词: | pathogen
; disease
; plant
; prediction
; plant-pathogen
; disease pressure
; plant disease
; host plant
; new plant species
; plant community
; crop plant
; local plant-fungus network
; other valuable plant resource
; forest ecology
; transplant experiment
; plant-pathogen interaction
; plant-pathogen network
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| 英文摘要: | This research explores three predictions that follow from a simple idea: that pathogens can often attack multiple species, and two host species are more likely to share a pathogen when they are closely related to each other. The first prediction is that by taking the relationships among different pathogen species and different hosts species that they infect into account, we will improve our ability to predict which plants can be affected by which pathogens in nature. This prediction will be tested with a variety of plants and their pathogens. The second prediction is that when a new plant species (such as a crop) is introduced into an area, pathogens that infect close relatives already growing there will be most likely to 'spill over' and affect the new crop. The last prediction is that because pathogens are less likely to spread between species that are not closely related, mixtures of crop species could be designed to reduce problems due to diseases in agriculture. In the process of testing these predictions, the researchers will develop new analytical tools for the study of plant disease. This work will aid in developing new strategies for protecting crop plants from disease, and for protecting other valuable plant resources. The large training component of this project will include high school classes, college classes, senior thesis students, and PhD students. These students will learn skills from many fields that have both basic science and economic importance, including forest ecology, ecological monitoring, ecology of agricultural systems, ecological horticulture and bioinformatics.
This project will test predictions regarding the relationship between phylogenetic relatedness of hosts and the host ranges of the pathogens that infect them. For each of the three components of the project, the researchers will take advantage of a previously developed and validated quantitative model that predicts how pathogen host ranges are constrained by the evolutionary relationships among host plants. In a novel application of network theory, the researchers will incorporate phylogenetic structure into network models for plant-pathogen interactions. They will use a metagenomics approach (identifying all fungal species growing inside plants by extracting and sequencing their DNA) to characterize the plant-pathogen networks of three plant communities, and will test predictions against the empirical networks. Novel hosts will be used in a transplant experiment in the field and an inoculation experiment in the laboratory to measure which local fungi colonize novel hosts, and how the phylogenetic structure of local plant-fungus networks affects fungal spillover to novel hosts. Finally, collaborating with a certified organic research farm, the PIs will test whether phylogenetically diverse cover crops have reduced disease pressure, a hypothesis called the "Dilution Effect", and whether greater phylogenetic distance among intercropped species suppresses disease. |
| 资源类型: | 项目
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| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/89642
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| Appears in Collections: | 全球变化的国际研究计划
科学计划与规划
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| Recommended Citation: | |
Ingrid Parker. Phylogenetic Disease Ecology of Plants. 2017-01-01.
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