| 项目编号: | 1654417
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| 项目名称: | Costs of parasite resistance - An integrated study of underlying mechanisms |
| 作者: | Michal Polak
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| 承担单位: | University of Cincinnati Main Campus
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| 批准年: | 2017
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| 开始日期: | 2017-05-01
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| 结束日期: | 2021-04-30
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| 资助金额: | 882296
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| 资助来源: | US-NSF
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| 项目类别: | Standard Grant
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| 国家: | US
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| 语种: | 英语
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| 特色学科分类: | Biological Sciences - Environmental Biology
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| 英文关键词: | cost
; trade-off
; parasite
; study
; host-parasite
; resistance
; ectoparasite resistance
; resistance evolution
; host resistance
; anatomical mechanism
; research
; host-parasite system
; animal host-parasite system
; fitness cost
; parasite resistance
; mite parasite
|
| 英文摘要: | Why are some individuals more susceptible to infection by parasites than others? Parasites by definition harm the fitness of individuals (hosts), and thus are expected to have a powerful influence on host abundance, population cycles and the evolution of their defenses. This research will identify how genetic variation in host defenses is maintained and thus how hosts evolve to reduce the effects of parasites. The research uses two species of fruit flies, Drosophila species, and their mite parasites as a model. The research outcomes will inform the development of improved pest control strategies in agricultural settings, and new methods to control disease vectors that are of significance to human health and wellbeing. Research outcomes will be integrated into educational outreach programs involving high school students and the general public.
A major hypothesis for the maintenance of genetic variation in defensive traits, and hence for the enormous evolutionary potential of parasitism, involves costs of resistance. Costs are expressed as trade-offs between host resistance and other fitness-related traits, such as reproductive output, in the absence of parasites. There are few data available for animal host-parasite systems on the genetic and physiological bases of costs of resistance, despite their widespread importance. The researchers will bridge studies of host molecular, metabolomic, and physiological processes, with whole-organism fitness functions, to understand the mechanistic bases of costs of parasite resistance. Using two naturally occurring host-parasite systems, three interrelated aims will be achieved. 1) Test for trade-offs between evolved ectoparasite resistance and major life-history traits in D. melanogaster. 2) Determine and compare the causal molecular and metabolomic factors of ectoparasite resistance and of trade-offs in the two systems. 3) Identify the physiological and anatomical mechanisms underlying fitness costs. The results will be unique to animals, and will complement studies in plant and microbial systems. The research will thus contribute to the development of a unified theory of resistance evolution. |
| 资源类型: | 项目
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| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/90274
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| Appears in Collections: | 全球变化的国际研究计划
科学计划与规划
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| Recommended Citation: | |
Michal Polak. Costs of parasite resistance - An integrated study of underlying mechanisms. 2017-01-01.
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