| 项目编号: | 1542150
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| 项目名称: | RAPID: Increasing fire severity and the loss of legacy carbon from boreal ecosystems |
| 作者: | Michelle Mack
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| 承担单位: | Northern Arizona University
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| 批准年: | 2014
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| 开始日期: | 2015-06-01
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| 结束日期: | 2016-12-31
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| 资助金额: | USD49999
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| 资助来源: | US-NSF
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| 项目类别: | Standard Grant
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| 国家: | US
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| 语种: | 英语
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| 特色学科分类: | Biological Sciences - Environmental Biology
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| 英文关键词: | carbon
; ecosystem
; intense fire
; fire
; legacy carbon loss
; carbon cycle
; united states wildfire
; past wildfire
; natural fire severity gradient
; project
; intense wildfire
; alaska fire science symposium
; ecosystem process
; legacy loss
; rapid-response canadian team
; multiple fire cycle
; carbon balance
; fire characteristic
; rapid way climate warming
; ecosystem theory
; site-specific carbon emission
; net loss
; legacy carbon
; fire manager
; independent fire scar
; high fire intensity
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| 英文摘要: | One of the most rapid ways climate warming could alter the carbon balance of high northern latitude conifer forests and peatlands is through more intense wildfires. Most of the carbon that can burn occurs in thick soil layers often hundreds to thousands of years old that are a legacy of past wildfires, and combustion of these layers accounts for the largest source of carbon released during fires. In the summer of 2014, wildfires burned 3.4 million hectares of forested lands of the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, eight times greater than the average annual area burned, and twice as much area as burned in United States wildfires that year. This project will study the impacts of these fires on the combustion of legacy carbon. Researchers will also join a rapid-response Canadian team to greatly facilitate access via floatplane and helicopter, and to gain access to geospatial data. Results will be shared with land and fire managers in collaboration with the NWT Division of Forestry and the Alaska Fire Science Symposium and through a winter webinar. The project will also provide new international research experience for a PI, postdoctoral researcher and undergraduate student.
The objective of this project is to develop a mechanistic understanding of fire characteristics that control legacy carbon loss in these ecosystems. More intense fires result in deeper burning and ultimately determine whether more intense fires will accelerate climate warming via the carbon cycle, as has been proposed. They also could rapidly shift ecosystems across a threshold from net accumulation of carbon from the atmosphere over multiple fire cycles to net loss. High fire intensity across large and varied landscapes and multiple, spatially independent fire scars will enable a study design with replicate natural fire severity gradients across key landscape positions. A novel application of radiocarbon dating will be combined with widely used and scalable metrics of organic matter combustion to quantify the magnitude of legacy carbon loss on a site-specific basis. Permanent plots will be established for long-term monitoring of permafrost and vegetation, key controls over the carbon cycle in this biome. An early campaign will enable the best estimates of site-specific carbon emissions, legacy losses, initial subsidence of permafrost and ensuing changes in site drainage, and dispersal of semi-serotinous seeds. This research will contribute to emerging ecosystem theory on cross-time scale linkages and interactions and the role these may play in the resilience or vulnerability of ecosystem processes to shifting disturbance regimes. |
| 资源类型: | 项目
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| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/94554
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| Appears in Collections: | 影响、适应和脆弱性
气候减缓与适应
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| Recommended Citation: | |
Michelle Mack. RAPID: Increasing fire severity and the loss of legacy carbon from boreal ecosystems. 2014-01-01.
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