| 项目编号: | 1341476
|
| 项目名称: | Collaborative Research: Body Size, Oxygen, and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Antarctic Pycnogonida |
| 作者: | Amy Moran
|
| 承担单位: | University of Hawaii
|
| 批准年: | 2013
|
| 开始日期: | 2014-09-01
|
| 结束日期: | 2018-08-31
|
| 资助金额: | USD293843
|
| 资助来源: | US-NSF
|
| 项目类别: | Standard Grant
|
| 国家: | US
|
| 语种: | 英语
|
| 特色学科分类: | Geosciences - Polar
|
| 英文关键词: | research
; antarctic pycnogonid
; organism
; body size
; antarctic organism
; different body size
; oxygen supply
; oxygen diffusion trade
; body size influence vulnerability
; cold-driven high oxygen availability
; oxygen availability
; temperature-oxygen interaction
; large body size
; effect
; antarctic sea spider
; oxygen transport
; body support
; respiratory capacity
; antarctic raise
; particular body size
; climate change
|
| 英文摘要: | Beginning with the earliest expeditions to the poles, scientists have noted that many polar taxa grow to unusually large body sizes, a phenomenon now known as 'polar gigantism.' Although scientists have been interested in polar giants for many years, many questions still remain about the biology of this significant form of polar diversity. This award from the Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems program within the Polar Sciences Division at the National Science Foundation will investigate the respiratory and biomechanical mechanisms underlying polar gigantism in Antarctic pycnogonids (commonly known as sea spiders). The project will use a series of manipulative experiments to investigate the effects of temperature and oxygen availability on respiratory capacity and biomechanical strength, and will compare Antarctic sea spiders to related species from temperate and tropical regions. The research will provide insight into the ability of polar giants to withstand the warming polar ocean temperatures associated with climate change.
The prevailing hypothesis to explain the evolution of gigantism invokes shifts in respiratory relationships in extremely cold ocean waters: in the cold, oxygen is more plentiful while at the same time metabolic rates are very low. Together these effects alleviate constraints on oxygen supply that restrict organisms living in warmer waters. Respiratory capacity must evolve in the context of adaptive tradeoffs, so for organisms including pycnogonids there must be tradeoffs between respiratory capacity and resistance to biomechanical stresses. The investigators will test a novel hypothesis that respiratory challenges are not associated with particular body sizes, and will answer the following questions: What are the dynamics of oxygen transport and consumption in Antarctic pycnogonids; how do structural features related to oxygen diffusion trade off with requirements for body support and locomotion; how does body size influence vulnerability to environmental hypoxia and to temperature-oxygen interactions; and does the cold-driven high oxygen availability in the Antarctic raise the limit on body size by reducing trade-offs between diffusivity and structural integrity? The research will explore the effects of increased ocean temperatures upon organisms that have different body sizes. In addition, it will provide training for graduate and undergraduate students affiliated with universities in EPSCOR states.
|
| 资源类型: | 项目
|
| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/95595
|
| Appears in Collections: | 影响、适应和脆弱性
气候减缓与适应
|
|
There are no files associated with this item.
|
| Recommended Citation: | |
Amy Moran. Collaborative Research: Body Size, Oxygen, and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Antarctic Pycnogonida. 2013-01-01.
|
|
|