| 项目编号: | 1360834
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| 项目名称: | Collaborative Research: Wintertime INvestigation of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity (WINTER) |
| 作者: | Jose Jimenez
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| 承担单位: | University of Colorado at Boulder
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| 批准年: | 2013
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| 开始日期: | 2014-07-01
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| 结束日期: | 2017-06-30
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| 资助金额: | USD534729
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| 资助来源: | US-NSF
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| 项目类别: | Standard Grant
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| 国家: | US
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| 语种: | 英语
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| 特色学科分类: | Geosciences - Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences
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| 英文关键词: | winter
; study
; transport
; research aircraft
; primary research objective
; wintertime investigation
; wintertime emission inventory
; winter temperature
; wintertime pollution
; wintertime emission
; winter month
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| 英文摘要: | This award will fund the deployment of a research aircraft in a study to observe wintertime pollution in the Northeastern United States. While there have been a number of studies that have sampled atmospheric chemistry in the warm season, there have been relatively few studies in the cool season and none with the advanced instrumentation that the scientific community now possesses. This is important because the processes that affect how much pollution is created and how far it travels depends significantly on water vapor and sunlight, both of which are dramatically different in summer and winter. This study will examine how these processes work in cold temperatures and low sunlight and provide input to numerical modelers to help improve forecasts and provide guidance for policymakers on how to best reduce harmful air pollution events.
The Wintertime Investigations of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity (WINTER) project will take place in early 2015. The main goal is to provide observations needed to develop a deeper understanding of the chemical and physical processes which govern the spatial distribution of anthropogenic pollutants during winter. The researchers argue that a majority of observations in polluted mid-latitude regions have been in summer, when plentiful sunlight and water vapor lead to the rapid oxidation of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by OH. In the winter months when OH concentrations are much lower and temperatures are colder, different oxidation pathways are expected to be more important. This leads to the slower oxidation of reactive pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, VOCs and sulfur dioxide, resulting in longer atmospheric lifetimes and therefore the transport of these species over wider geographic areas. The colder winter temperatures also change the equilibrium gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile species (e.g. HNO3) favoring the formation of particles and resulting in seasonal changes in dominant aerosol components. For example, studies have shown that inorganic nitrogen is a much higher component of the aerosol in the winter. The three primary research objectives are: 1) Characterize the chemical transformations of wintertime emissions via multiphase, nocturnal, and photochemical processes, 2) Assess the dominant mechanisms of secondary aerosol formation and quantify the geographical distribution of inorganic and organic aerosol types during winter, and 3) Constrain wintertime emission inventories of key pollutants for urban areas, power plants, and agricultural areas, and characterize their export over the North Atlantic. In addition to the broader impacts stated above, a significant number of students would be involved in the field campaign and data analysis activities. Outreach activities will include a media day, visits by K-12 students, and project updates through social media. |
| 资源类型: | 项目
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| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/96467
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| Appears in Collections: | 影响、适应和脆弱性
气候减缓与适应
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| Recommended Citation: | |
Jose Jimenez. Collaborative Research: Wintertime INvestigation of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity (WINTER). 2013-01-01.
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