| 项目编号: | 1358495
|
| 项目名称: | Laboratory and Surface-based Studies of Atmospherically-relevant Ice Nucleating Particle Sources, Concentrations and Compositions |
| 作者: | Paul DeMott
|
| 承担单位: | Colorado State University
|
| 批准年: | 2013
|
| 开始日期: | 2014-01-15
|
| 结束日期: | 2017-12-31
|
| 资助金额: | USD911313
|
| 资助来源: | US-NSF
|
| 项目类别: | Standard Grant
|
| 国家: | US
|
| 语种: | 英语
|
| 特色学科分类: | Geosciences - Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences
|
| 英文关键词: | result
; ice nucleation
; biological particle
; organic particle
; particle
; laboratory study
; ice nucleating particle
; desert mineral dust particle
; soil
; human-influenced particle emission
; soil particle
; water resource
; ice formation process
; collaborative numerical modeling study
; atmospheric particle
; different ice nucleating particle type
; ice cloud
; single particle mass spectrometry
; ice-containing cloud
; airborne study
; specific ice nucleating particle type
; fungal ice
; numerical modeling study
; inorganic global ice nucleating particle source
; particle freezing
|
| 英文摘要: | The formation of ice on atmospheric particles is a basic process that can impact climate through both the hydrological cycle, via influencing the efficiency and distribution of precipitation, and through impacts on the scattering of solar and thermal radiation by ice-containing clouds. Incomplete understanding of the role of changing natural and human-influenced particle emissions on ice formation processes in clouds results in large uncertainties in efforts to constrain the magnitude of current and projected climate impacts. This project will define the emissions of ice nucleating particles from soil and plant surfaces to the atmosphere, particularly to quantify the contributions and nature of organic particles, and within this group, biological particles, in comparison to known inorganic global ice nucleating particle sources, notably desert mineral dust particles. Results will be applicable toward improved quantification of ice nucleation processes in numerical modeling studies at cloud, regional, weather forecast, and climate scales.
The project combines atmospheric and biological measurement tools toward defining the surface emissions of specific ice nucleating particle types from collected soil and plant samples, and toward recognition of their influence during direct atmospheric sampling. Laboratory studies will be performed of ice nucleation by collected soil particles and plant organisms subject to lofting by winds from regionally important ecosystems. Studies will have specific focus on soils, plants, and ecotypes of the intermountain West and Central U.S. Plains regions where aerosol cloud interactions may impact both water resources and severe storm characteristics, but methods and results will inform future land-based and airborne studies in other regions. Multiple methods will be used to measure the numbers of particles that freeze when they enter liquid drops at different temperatures, as they do in natural clouds, and these results will be related to total aerosol mass and surface area. Specialized tools will be applied to characterize the compositions of particles freezing, including electron microprobe analysis, single particle mass spectrometry, thermal and chemical treatments for selective removal of biological and organic particles, genetic amplification and sequencing of all biological particles, specific quantification of genes of known bacterial and fungal ice nucleating particles, and online measurements of fluorescent biological particles. These same tools will be applied toward detecting the presence and abundance of different ice nucleating particle types per volume of air in the atmosphere over plant and soil surfaces in collection areas before, during and after perturbations by wind, rain, and harvesting. Detailed and generalized descriptions of ice nucleation will be developed from these results for application in atmospheric models.
The broader impacts of this work involve promoting postdoctoral education and training, development and testing of new instrumentation and methods, application of results toward climate change issues through collaborative numerical modeling studies, and fostering cross-disciplinary research between the atmospheric and biological sciences. Results are of critical importance to unresolved impact of aerosols on ice clouds and regional and global climate. Dissemination of results will occur via a project web site, publications, participation in conferences and scientific working groups and open communication with science news agencies. |
| 资源类型: | 项目
|
| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/97423
|
| Appears in Collections: | 影响、适应和脆弱性
气候减缓与适应
|
|
There are no files associated with this item.
|
| Recommended Citation: | |
Paul DeMott. Laboratory and Surface-based Studies of Atmospherically-relevant Ice Nucleating Particle Sources, Concentrations and Compositions. 2013-01-01.
|
|
|