DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.068
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85060115192
论文题名: N2 yields from monochloramine conversion by granular activated carbons are decisive for effective swimming pool water treatment
作者: Skibinski B. ; Worch E. ; Uhl W.
刊名: Water Research
ISSN: 431354
出版年: 2019
起始页码: 74
结束页码: 86
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Catalytic reaction
; Combined chlorine
; Granular activated carbon
; Monochloramine
; Surface reaction
; Swimming pool water
Scopus关键词: Activated carbon
; Amination
; Amines
; Ammonia
; Catalysis
; Chemical reactors
; Granular materials
; Lakes
; Surface reactions
; Swimming pools
; Trace elements
; Catalytic reactions
; Elemental compositions
; Fixed bed reactor system
; Granular activated carbons
; Monochloramine
; N-nitrosodimethylamine
; Swimming pool water
; Swimming pool water treatment
; Activated carbon treatment
; activated carbon
; ammonia
; carcinogen
; chlorine
; dimethylnitrosamine
; inorganic compound
; monochloramine
; nitrogen
; organic carbon
; organic nitrogen
; oxygen
; phthalic acid dibutyl ester
; tosylchloramide sodium
; trace metal
; activated carbon
; ammonia
; catalysis
; chlorine
; nitrogen
; reaction kinetics
; water treatment
; Article
; catalysis
; chemoreactivity
; elemental analysis
; limit of detection
; pH
; priority journal
; surface property
; swimming pool
; titrimetry
; water treatment
; zeta potential
英文摘要: Inorganic chloramines (mono-, di- and trichloramine) are formed in swimming pool water from the unintended reaction of free chlorine with ammonia that is introduced by bathers. Monochloramine is of particular interest as it is known to react further in pool water forming harmful DBPs, such carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). During pool water treatment with granular activated carbon (GAC) filters, monochloramine is transformed by chemical reactions on the carbon surface to N2 and ammonia. As ammonia is led back into the pool where it is chlorinated again under the renewed formation of inorganic chloramines, it is recommended to use GACs with a high N2 yield for monochloramine transformation in pool water treatment. In this study, yields of N2 and ammonia from monochloramine conversion by commercially available GACs were determined using a fixed-bed reactor system under conditions that are typical for swimming pool water treatment. The N2 yields remained constant with on-going exposure of the GAC to monochloramine and ranged from 0.5% to 21.3%, depending on the type of GAC used. Correlation analyses were conducted to identify carbon properties that can determine the N2 yield for monochloramine conversion, such as the amount of oxygen groups, the elemental composition and the trace metal content. It was found that the N2 yield significantly correlates with the copper content of the tested carbons. Model calculations combining pool hydraulics with formation/abatement of inorganic chloramines and NDMA as well as chloramine transformations in GAC filters showed that the concentration of inorganic chloramines and carcinogenic NDMA can be decreased by a factor of ∼2, if the tested GACs could be modified to convert up to ∼50% of the monochloramine to N2. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/122016
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Technische Universität Dresden, Chair of Water Supply Engineering, Dresden, 01062, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Chair of Hydrochemistry, Dresden, 01062, Germany; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, 0349, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Institute of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
Recommended Citation:
Skibinski B.,Worch E.,Uhl W.. N2 yields from monochloramine conversion by granular activated carbons are decisive for effective swimming pool water treatment[J]. Water Research,2019-01-01