Background: In 2007, an expert panel reviewed associations between bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and reproductive health outcomes. Since then, new studies have been conducted on the impact of BPA on reproduction.
Objective: In this review, we summarize data obtained since 2007, focusing on a) findings from human and animal studies, b) the effects of BPA on a variety of reproductive end points, and c) mechanisms of BPA action.
Methods: We reviewed the literature published from 2007 to 2013 using a PubMed search based on keywords related to BPA and male and female reproduction.
Discussion: Because BPA has been reported to affect the onset of meiosis in both animal and in vitro models, interfere with germ cell nest breakdown in animal models, accelerate follicle transition in several animal species, alter steroidogenesis in multiple animal models and women, and reduce oocyte quality in animal models and women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), we consider it an ovarian toxicant. In addition, strong evidence suggests that BPA is a uterine toxicant because it impaired uterine endometrial proliferation, decreased uterine receptivity, and increased implantation failure in animal models. BPA exposure may be associated with adverse birth outcomes, hyperandrogenism, sexual dysfunction, and impaired implantation in humans, but additional studies are required to confirm these associations. Studies also suggest that BPA may be a testicular toxicant in animal models, but the data in humans are equivocal. Finally, insufficient evidence exists regarding effects of BPA on the oviduct, the placenta, and pubertal development.
Conclusion: Based on reports that BPA impacts female reproduction and has the potential to affect male reproductive systems in humans and animals, we conclude that BPA is a reproductive toxicant.
1Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; 2School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA; 3Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; 4Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; 5Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 6Department of Pediatrics, 7Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and 9Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; 10Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; 11Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; 12Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and 13California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California USA
Recommended Citation:
Jackye Peretz,1 Lisa Vrooman,2 William A. Ricke,et al. Bisphenol A and Reproductive Health: Update of Experimental and Human Evidence, 2007–2013[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,2014-01-01,Volume 122(Issue 8):775