Objective To understand the relationship between p. v. occurrence and its vector in p. v. endemic area, providing the basis for malaria elimination and prevention of the second generation cases by the imported malaria. Methods The historical data of the cases and the vector of malaria were collected in five malaria monitoring points from 2005 - 2009 was analyzed. The number of p. v. cases and density of anopheles were analyzed monthly through the circular distribution method. Results In 2005 - 2009,the peak day, the peak period and the epidemic period of p. v. cases occurrence were on July 28, May 26 to September 28 and March 27 to November 28 respectively. The peak period and epidemic period were 126 days and 246 days respectively; the peak day, the peak period and the transmission period of anopheles were on July 30, June 2 to August 29 and May 1 to October 26 respectively. The peak period and transmission period were 90 days and 176 days respectively. The average angle inspection alone of the density of anopheles was statistically significant (F = 14.84,P <0.001); there was significant difference among each average angle in annual p. v. cases occurrence (F = 1.59, P <0.001). Conclusions Obvious seasonal peak of p. v. cases occurrence and anopheles activity were noted in Hubei Province. Due to environmental change, climate change, production and lifestyle changes of people, the seasonal characteristics consistency between p. v. cases occurrence and the anopheles activity had changed dramatically than earlier studies.