Based on MODIS NDVI and meteorological data from 2000 to 2010, this study analyzed the correlation between NDVI and meteorological factors pixel by pixel in the Lancang River Basin, studied the spatial pattern of the relationship between vegetation and climate, and explored the possible influence factors. The study indicated that: 1) Both temperature and precipitation had significant impacts on vegetation growth in the Lancang River Basin, and the temperature's effect was particularly striking. 2) The response of vegetation growth to climate change showed significant time lag effect, and the lag time shortened as the latitude went up. 3) For different vegetation types, both the orders of influence degree of meteorological factors on NDVI and the sensitive degree of NDVI to climate change were, in turn, grassland, cropland, shrub forest and woodland. For the same vegetation, the impact of temperature was greater than that of precipitation, but NDVI was more sensitive to precipitation. 4) Climate characteristics (perennial mean temperature and multi- year average precipitation) had significant impacts on the response time of NDVI to climate change. There is no significant influence of perennial mean temperature on the relationship between NDVI and temperature, but multi- year average precipitation has impacts on the degree of correlation between NDVI and precipitation.