To provide a scientific guidance for potato planting industry in Ningxia southern mountainous area,we explored the relationship between yield and meteorological factors and characteristics of water supply and demand in potato. Past 55 years,the temperature in the potato growth period was significantly elevated in Ningxia southern mountainous area, which would provide an adverse impact on the development of potato industry. These factors,such as average temperature in mid-August,average maximum temperature in late July,average minimum temperature in early July and the highest monthly average temperature in July,had significant negative correlation with potato meteorological yield. Mid-July was the critical period of water requirement of potato,and the precipitation was closely related to meteorological yield. The potatoes in southern mountainous of Ningxia were in the condition of water deficit from late May to late August in addition to the August 4th hou,so irrigation area should be timely irrigated.