To reveal the relationship between precipitation fluctuation and regional drought-flood characteristics in the climate change background,the characteristics of drought-flood and the spatio-temporal variation of precipitation in Hubei Province were studied by using a few indices such as PCI,RAI,SPI,PCD,PCP,LDFAI ans so on.Meanwhile,the occurrence and inter-decadal variations of drought - flood were systematically discussed.The results show that the regional precipitation is seasonal,i.e.PCI is generally between 11 and 19,but is greater than 20 in a few individual years,and the maximum and minimum RAIs occur in around July and December,respectively.Influenced by climate change and other factors,SPI exhibits fluctuation and rising trend,drought-flood occurances are persistent in different districts and the whole province in recent years.PCI and PCD values in each district are relatively large,specially the larger the PCP is,the earlier the rainy season is,and the more likely flood occurs,showing an inceasing risk of flood,particuallry in Southwestern Hubei.The characteristics of inter-decadal changes in the province are obvious.According to the frequency and intensity of drought-flood,the inter-decadal changes are ranked from large to small in an order 1960s,2010s,1970s,2000s,1990s,1980s.The results have importantly theoretical and practical significance for understanding of the characteristics of regional drought - flood change and preventing natural disasters.