In order to clarify the response of extreme hydrological events to extreme weather events in the Shule River Basin,the daily value data of temperature,precipitation and evaporation in the Shule River Basin and its surrounding meteorological stations,such as Tuole,Dunhuang,Guazhou,Yumen,Jiuquan and Mazongshan, are selected,the daily runoff data of the Changmabao Hydrological Station is also selected. Through the methods of trend analysis,moving average and principal component analysis,this study analyzed the extreme climate indices, the interannual variation law of extreme hydrological events and the factors affecting extreme hydrological events in Shule River Basin,and clarified the annual distribution characteristics of extreme floods in the basin. The results show that the interannual temperature rises in the Shule River Basin is obvious,the precipitation fluctuations change,there is no obvious increasing trend,and the evaporation shows a downward trend. The extreme temperature indices indicating high temperature showed a significant upward trend,and the extreme temperature indices indicating low temperature showed a significant downward trend,indicating that the temperature in Shule River Basin increased significantly. The extreme precipitation indices showed an significant increase. The extreme flood events and frequency in this basin showed an upward trend,while the extreme dry events and frequency showed a downward trend. Extreme flood events are mainly controlled by extreme precipitation events,especially the total amount of extreme precipitation. Extreme high temperature events also affect the increase of the total amount of extreme flood,while extreme dry events are mainly controlled by extreme low temperature events. In addition,the occurrence time of the largest peak flow in 2000-2016 has advanced from August to July.