DOI: 10.5194/hess-24-1741-2020
论文题名: Near-0°C surface temperature and precipitation type patterns across Canada
作者: Mekis E. ; Stewart R.E. ; Theriault J.M. ; Kochtubajda B. ; Bonsal B.R. ; Liu Z.
刊名: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
ISSN: 1027-5606
出版年: 2020
卷: 24, 期: 4 起始页码: 1741
结束页码: 1761
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Freezing
; Melting
; Rain
; Snow
; Surface properties
; Climate stations
; Climatic regions
; Freezing rain
; Hydrological process
; Short durations
; Surface temperatures
; Temperature thresholds
; Temperature window
; Atmospheric temperature
; heating
; hydrometeorology
; precipitation (climatology)
; seasonal variation
; storm
; surface temperature
; Canada
英文摘要: The 0 °C temperature threshold is critical for many meteorological and hydrological processes driven by melting and freezing in the atmosphere, surface, and sub-surface and by the associated precipitation varying between rain, freezing rain, wet snow, and snow. This threshold is especially important in cold regions such as Canada, because it is linked with freeze thaw, snowmelt, and permafrost. This study develops a Canada-wide perspective on near-0 °C conditions using hourly surface temperature and precipitation type observations from 92 climate stations for the period from 1981 to 2011. In addition, nine stations from various climatic regions are selected for further analysis. Near-0 °C conditions are defined as periods when the surface temperature is between ..2 and 2 °C. Near-0 °C conditions occur often across all regions of the country, although the annual number of days and hours and the duration of these events varies dramatically. Various types of precipitation (e.g., rain, freezing rain, wet snow, and ice pellets) sometimes occur with these temperatures. Near-0 °C conditions and the reported precipitation type occurrences tend to be higher in Atlantic Canada, although high values also occur in other regions. Trends of most temperature-based and precipitation-based indicators show little or no change despite a systematic warming in annual surface temperatures over Canada. Over the annual cycle, near-0 °C temperatures and precipitation often exhibit a pattern: short durations occur around summer, driven by the diurnal cycle, and a tendency toward longer durations around winter, associated with storms. There is also a tendency for near-0 °C surface temperatures to occur more often than expected relative to other temperature windows at some stations due, at least in part, to diabatic cooling and heating that take place with melting and freezing, respectively, in the atmosphere and at the surface. © 2020 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/162734
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Mekis, E., Meteorological Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, M3H 5T4, Canada; Stewart, R.E., Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada; Theriault, J.M., Centre Escer, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, H2X 3Y7, Canada; Kochtubajda, B., Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Edmonton, T6B 1K5, Canada; Bonsal, B.R., Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, S7N 3H5, Canada; Liu, Z., Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
Recommended Citation:
Mekis E.,Stewart R.E.,Theriault J.M.,et al. Near-0°C surface temperature and precipitation type patterns across Canada[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2020-01-01,24(4)