DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0520.1
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84966348746
论文题名: Implications of North Atlantic sea surface salinity for summer precipitation over the U.S. Midwest: Mechanisms and predictive value
作者: Li L. ; Schmitt R.W. ; Ummenhofer C.C. ; Karnauskas K.B.
刊名: Journal of Climate
ISSN: 8948755
出版年: 2016
卷: 29, 期: 9 起始页码: 3143
结束页码: 3159
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Budget control
; Moisture
; Oceanography
; Precipitation (meteorology)
; Soil moisture
; Soils
; Surface waters
; Tropics
; Humidity gradients
; Hydrologic cycles
; Moisture influence
; Moisture/moisture budgets
; Rainfall prediction
; Salinity
; Sea surface salinity
; Summer precipitation
; Fighter aircraft
; air-sea interaction
; hydrological cycle
; precipitation (climatology)
; sea surface salinity
; soil moisture
; summer
; troposphere
; Atlantic Ocean
; Atlantic Ocean (North)
; Rocky Mountains
; United States
英文摘要: Moisture originating from the subtropical North Atlantic feeds precipitation throughout the Western Hemisphere. This ocean-to-land moisture transport leaves its imprint on sea surface salinity (SSS), enabling SSS over the subtropical oceans to be used as an indicator of terrestrial precipitation. This study demonstrates that springtime SSS over the northwestern portion of the subtropical North Atlantic significantly correlates with summertime precipitation over the U.S. Midwest. The linkage between springtime SSS and the Midwest summer precipitation is established through ocean-to-land moisture transport followed by a soil moisture feedback over the southern United States. In the spring, high SSS over the northwestern subtropical Atlantic coincides with a local increase in moisture flux divergence. The moisture flux is then directed toward and converges over the southern United States, which experiences increased precipitation and soil moisture. The increased soil moisture influences the regional water cycle both thermodynamically and dynamically, leading to excessive summer precipitation in the Midwest. Thermodynamically, the increased soil moisture tends to moisten the lower troposphere and enhances the meridional humidity gradient north of 36°N. Thus, more moisture will be transported and converged into the Midwest by the climatological low-level wind. Dynamically, the increases in soil moisture over the southern United States enhance the west-east soil moisture gradient eastward of the Rocky Mountains, which can help to intensify the Great Plains low-level jet in the summer, converging more moisture into the Midwest. Owing to these robust physical linkages, the springtime SSS outweighs the leading SST modes in predicting the Midwest summer precipitation and significantly improves rainfall prediction in this region. © 2016 American Meteorological Society. 资助项目: NSF, Norsk Sykepleierforbund
; NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
; NSF, Norsk Sykepleierforbund
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/49942
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Recommended Citation:
Li L.,Schmitt R.W.,Ummenhofer C.C.,et al. Implications of North Atlantic sea surface salinity for summer precipitation over the U.S. Midwest: Mechanisms and predictive value[J]. Journal of Climate,2016-01-01,29(9)