DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0607.1
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84977574647
论文题名: Warming of the global ocean: Spatial structure and water-mass trends
作者: Häkkinen S. ; Rhines P.B. ; Worthen D.L.
刊名: Journal of Climate
ISSN: 8948755
出版年: 2016
卷: 29, 期: 13 起始页码: 4949
结束页码: 4963
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Enthalpy
; Ocean currents
; SPICE
; Ocean heat content
; Oceanic variabilities
; Recirculation gyre
; Southern Hemisphere
; Subsurface effects
; Subtropical mode waters
; Temperature changes
; Variability
; Oceanography
; global ocean
; gyre
; mode water
; Southern Hemisphere
; thermocline
; upper ocean
; water mass
; Atlantic Ocean
; Gulf Stream
; North Atlantic Current
英文摘要: This study investigates the multidecadal warming and interannual-to-decadal heat content changes in the upper ocean (0-700 m), focusing on vertical and horizontal patterns of variability. These results support a nearly monotonic warming over much of the World Ocean, with a shift toward Southern Hemisphere warming during the well-observed past decade. This is based on objectively analyzed gridded observational datasets and on a modeled state estimate. Besides the surface warming, a warming climate also has a subsurface effect manifesting as a strong deepening of the midthermocline isopycnals, which can be diagnosed directly from hydrographic data. This deepening appears to be a result of heat entering via subduction and spreading laterally from the high-latitude ventilation regions of subtropical mode waters. The basin-average multidecadal warming mainly expands the subtropical mode water volume, with weak changes in the temperature-salinity (θ-S) relationship (known as "spice" variability). However, the spice contribution to the heat content can be locally large, for example in Southern Hemisphere. Multidecadal isopycnal sinking has been strongest over the southern basins and weaker elsewhere with the exception of the Gulf Stream/North Atlantic Current/subtropical recirculation gyre. At interannual to decadal time scales, wind-driven sinking and shoaling of density surfaces still dominate ocean heat content changes, while the contribution from temperature changes along density surfaces tends to decrease as time scales shorten. © 2016 American Meteorological Society. 资助项目: NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/50155
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Wyle STE Group, Houston, TX, United States
Recommended Citation:
Häkkinen S.,Rhines P.B.,Worthen D.L.. Warming of the global ocean: Spatial structure and water-mass trends[J]. Journal of Climate,2016-01-01,29(13)