DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00650.1
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84864050326
论文题名: Toward a minimal representation of aerosols in climate models: Comparative decomposition of aerosol direct, semidirect, and indirect radiative forcing
作者: Ghan S.J. ; Liu X. ; Easter R.C. ; Zaveri R. ; Rasch P.J. ; Yoon J.-H. ; Eaton B.
刊名: Journal of Climate
ISSN: 8948755
出版年: 2012
卷: 25, 期: 19 起始页码: 6461
结束页码: 6476
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Accumulation modes
; Annual mean
; Anthropogenic aerosols
; Anthropogenic effects
; Black carbon
; Carbonaceous aerosol
; Cloud microphysics
; Community atmosphere model
; Crystal nucleation
; Fossil fuel sources
; Homogenous nucleation
; Hygroscopic materials
; Ice crystals
; Indirect effects
; Indirect radiative forcing
; Long waves
; Minimal representation
; Primary particles
; Radiative forcings
; Solar absorption
; Atmospheric radiation
; Biogeochemistry
; Biological materials
; Climate models
; Fossil fuels
; Infrared radiation
; Nucleation
; Organic compounds
; Solar radiation
; Sun
; Tungsten compounds
; Aerosols
; accumulation
; aerosol
; anthropogenic effect
; black carbon
; climate modeling
; cloud microphysics
; comparative study
; decomposition
; energy balance
; nucleation
; radiative forcing
; solar radiation
英文摘要: The authors have decomposed the anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing into direct contributions from each aerosol species to the planetary energy balance through absorption and scattering of solar radiation, indirect effects of anthropogenic aerosol on solar and infrared radiation through droplet and crystal nucleation on aerosol, and semidirect effects through the influence of solar absorption on the distribution of clouds. A three-mode representation of the aerosol in version 5.1 of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5.1) yields global annual mean radiative forcing estimates for each of these forcing mechanisms that are within 0.1 W m -2 of estimates using a more complex seven-mode representation that distinguishes between fresh and aged black carbon and primary organic matter. Simulating fresh black carbon particles separately from internally mixed accumulation mode particles is found to be important only near fossil fuel sources. In addition to the usual large indirect effect on solar radiation, this study finds an unexpectedly large positive longwave indirect effect (because of enhanced cirrus produced by homogenous nucleation of ice crystals on anthropogenic sulfate), small shortwave and longwave semidirect effects, and a small direct effect (because of cancelation and interactions of direct effects of black carbon and sulfate). Differences between the threemode and seven-mode versions are significantly larger (up to 0.2 W m -2) when the hygroscopicity of primary organic matter is decreased from 0.1 to 0 and transfer of the primary carbonaceous aerosol to the accumulation mode in the seven-mode version requires more hygroscopic material coating the primary particles. Radiative forcing by cloudborne anthropogenic black carbon is only 20.07 W m -2. © 2012 American Meteorological Society. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/52178
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
There are no files associated with this item.
作者单位: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States
Recommended Citation:
Ghan S.J.,Liu X.,Easter R.C.,et al. Toward a minimal representation of aerosols in climate models: Comparative decomposition of aerosol direct, semidirect, and indirect radiative forcing[J]. Journal of Climate,2012-01-01,25(19)