DOI: 10.5194/hess-21-617-2017
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85011317249
论文题名: Gauge-adjusted rainfall estimates from commercial microwave links
作者: Fencl M ; , Dohnal M ; , Rieckermann J ; , Bareš V
刊名: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
ISSN: 10275606
出版年: 2017
卷: 21, 期: 1 起始页码: 617
结束页码: 634
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Gages
; Microwave links
; Microwave sensors
; Rain gages
; Storm sewers
; Storms
; Uncertainty analysis
; Efficiency coefficient
; Epistemic uncertainties
; Individual monitoring
; Mobile telecommunication networks
; Rainfall monitoring network
; Spatial and temporal resolutions
; Storm-water managements
; Temporal aggregation
; Rain
; microwave radiation
; monitoring system
; precipitation assessment
; prediction
; rainfall
; raingauge
; resolution
; runoff
; severe weather
; urban area
; urbanization
英文摘要: Increasing urbanization makes it more and more important to have accurate stormwater runoff predictions, especially with potentially severe weather and climatic changes on the horizon. Such stormwater predictions in turn require reliable rainfall information. Especially for urban centres, the problem is that the spatial and temporal resolution of rainfall observations should be substantially higher than commonly provided by weather services with their standard rainfall monitoring networks. Commercial microwave links (CMLs) are non-traditional sensors, which have been proposed about a decade ago as a promising solution. CMLs are line-of-sight radio connections widely used by operators of mobile telecommunication networks. They are typically very dense in urban areas and can provide path-integrated rainfall observations at sub-minute resolution. Unfortunately, quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) from CMLs are often highly biased due to several epistemic uncertainties, which significantly limit their usability. In this manuscript we therefore suggest a novel method to reduce this bias by adjusting QPEs to existing rain gauges. The method has been specifically designed to produce reliable results even with comparably distant rain gauges or cumulative observations. This eliminates the need to install reference gauges and makes it possible to work with existing information. First, the method is tested on data from a dedicated experiment, where a CML has been specifically set up for rainfall monitoring experiments, as well as operational CMLs from an existing cellular network. Second, we assess the performance for several experimental layouts of ground truth from rain gauges (RGs) with different spatial and temporal resolutions. The results suggest that CMLs adjusted by RGs with a temporal aggregation of up to 1ĝh (i) provide precise high-resolution QPEs (relative errorĝ < 7ĝ%, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficientĝ > ĝ0.75) and (ii) that the combination of both sensor types clearly outperforms each individual monitoring system. Unfortunately, adjusting CML observations to RGs with longer aggregation intervals of up to 24ĝh has drawbacks. Although it substantially reduces bias, it unfavourably smoothes out rainfall peaks of high intensities, which is undesirable for stormwater management. A similar, but less severe, effect occurs due to spatial averaging when CMLs are adjusted to remote RGs. Nevertheless, even here, adjusted CMLs perform better than RGs alone. Furthermore, we provide first evidence that the joint use of multiple CMLs together with RGs also reduces bias in their QPEs. In summary, we believe that our adjustment method has great potential to improve the space–time resolution of current urban rainfall monitoring networks. Nevertheless, future work should aim to better understand the reason for the observed systematic error in QPEs from CMLs. © Author(s) 2017. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/79276
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Department of Hydraulics and Hydrology, Czech Technical University in Prague, 166ĝ29, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Recommended Citation:
Fencl M,, Dohnal M,, Rieckermann J,et al. Gauge-adjusted rainfall estimates from commercial microwave links[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2017-01-01,21(1)