DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.077
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84892475021
论文题名: Determinants of the spatial distributions of elemental carbon and particulate matter in eight Southern Californian communities
作者: Urman R ; , Gauderman J ; , Fruin S ; , Lurmann F ; , Liu F ; , Hosseini R ; , Franklin M ; , Avol E ; , Penfold B ; , Gilliland F ; , Brunekreef B ; , McConnell R
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2014
卷: 86 起始页码: 84
结束页码: 92
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Air pollution
; Elemental carbon
; Exposure modeling
; Particulate matter
Scopus关键词: Adverse health effects
; Aerodynamic diameters
; Elemental carbon
; Epidemiological studies
; Exposure modeling
; Particulate Matter
; Physical characteristics
; Population densities
; Air pollution
; Health
; Pollution
; Population statistics
; Carbon
; carbon
; metal nanoparticle
; nitric oxide
; ambient air
; carbon
; correlation
; epidemiology
; health risk
; heterogeneity
; numerical model
; particulate matter
; pollution exposure
; population density
; prediction
; spatial distribution
; volume
; air monitoring
; air pollutant
; air pollution indicator
; air sampling
; article
; community
; environmental exposure
; exhaust gas
; geographic distribution
; land use
; measurement
; meteorology
; particulate matter
; physical model
; physical parameters
; population density
; prediction
; priority journal
; spatial analysis
; traffic
; United States
; Pacific Ocean
; Southern California Bight
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: Emerging evidence indicates that near-roadway pollution (NRP) in ambient air has adverse health effects. However, specific components of the NRP mixture responsible for these effects have not been established. A major limitation for health studies is the lack of exposure models that estimate NRP components observed in epidemiological studies over fine spatial scale of tens to hundreds of meters. In this study, exposure models were developed for fine-scale variation in biologically relevant elemental carbon (EC). Measurements of particulate matter (PM) and EC less than 2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (EC2.5) and of PM and EC of nanoscale size less than 0.2μm were made at up to 29 locations in each of eight Southern California Children's Health Study communities. Regression-based prediction models were developed using a guided forward selection process to identify traffic variables and other pollutant sources, community physical characteristics and land use as predictors of PM and EC variation in each community. A combined eight-community model including only CALINE4 near-roadway dispersion-estimated vehicular emissions accounting for distance, distance-weighted traffic volume, and meteorology, explained 51% of the EC0.2 variability. Community-specific models identified additional predictors in some communities; however, in most communities the correlation between predicted concentrations from the eight-community model and observed concentrations stratified by community was similar to those for the community-specific models. EC2.5 could be predicted as well as EC0.2. EC2.5 estimated from CALINE4 and population density explained 53% of the within-community variation. Exposure prediction was further improved after accounting for between-community heterogeneity of CALINE4 effects associated with average distance to Pacific Ocean shoreline (to 61% for EC0.2) and for regional NOx pollution (to 57% for EC2.5). PM fine spatial scale variation was poorly predicted in both size fractions. In conclusion, models of exposure that include traffic measures such as CALINE4 can provide useful estimates for EC0.2 and EC2.5 on a spatial scale appropriate for health studies of NRP in selected Southern California communities. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/80758
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, MC 9237, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States; Sonoma Technology, Inc., 1455 N. McDowell Blvd. #D, Petaluma, CA 94954-6503, United States; Department of Mathematical Informatics, University of Tokyo, Japan; University of Utrecht, Netherlands Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
Recommended Citation:
Urman R,, Gauderman J,, Fruin S,et al. Determinants of the spatial distributions of elemental carbon and particulate matter in eight Southern Californian communities[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2014-01-01,86