DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.050
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84891334517
论文题名: A great lakes atmospheric mercury monitoring network: Evaluation and design
作者: Risch M ; R ; , Kenski D ; M ; , Gay D ; A
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2014
卷: 85 起始页码: 109
结束页码: 122
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Atmospheric mercury
; Great Lakes
; Mercury
; Mercury deposition
; Mercury emissions
; Mercury network
Scopus关键词: Atmospheric mercury
; Cluster analysis methods
; Great lakes
; Mercury deposition networks
; Mercury depositions
; Mercury emissions
; National atmospheric deposition programs
; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
; Atmospheric chemistry
; Cluster analysis
; Deposition
; Design
; Lakes
; Mercury (metal)
; Meteorological problems
; Optimization
; Rain
; Regional planning
; Monitoring
; mercury
; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
; sulfate
; acid rain
; atmospheric chemistry
; cluster analysis
; emission inventory
; mercury (element)
; network design
; precipitation quality
; wet deposition
; acid rain
; air monitoring
; article
; atmospheric deposition
; carbon footprint
; climate change
; cluster analysis
; concentration (parameters)
; environmental protection
; evaluation study
; geographic distribution
; GLAMM network
; North America
; precipitation
; priority journal
; statistical analysis
; trend study
; United States
; urban area
; wet deposition
; Canada
; Great Lakes Basin
; Ontario [Canada]
; United States
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: As many as 51 mercury (Hg) wet-deposition-monitoring sites from 4 networks were operated in 8 USA states and Ontario, Canada in the North American Great Lakes Region from 1996 to 2010. By 2013, 20 of those sites were no longer in operation and approximately half the geographic area of the Region was represented by a single Hg-monitoring site. In response, a Great Lakes Atmospheric Mercury Monitoring (GLAMM) network is needed as a framework for regional collaboration in Hg-deposition monitoring. The purpose of the GLAMM network is to detect changes in regional atmospheric Hg deposition related to changes in Hg emissions. An optimized design for the network was determined to be a minimum of 21 sites in a representative and approximately uniform geographic distribution. A majority of the active and historic Hg-monitoring sites in the Great Lakes Region are part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) in North America and the GLAMM network is planned to be part of the MDN.To determine an optimized network design, active and historic Hg-monitoring sites in the Great Lakes Region were evaluated with a rating system of 21 factors that included characteristics of the monitoring locations and interpretations of Hg data. Monitoring sites were rated according to the number of Hg emissions sources and annual Hg emissions in a geographic polygon centered on each site. Hg-monitoring data from the sites were analyzed for long-term averages in weekly Hg concentrations in precipitation and weekly Hg-wet deposition, and on significant temporal trends in Hg concentrations and Hg deposition. A cluster analysis method was used to group sites with similar variability in their Hg data in order to identify sites that were unique for explaining Hg data variability in the Region. The network design included locations in protected natural areas, urban areas, Great Lakes watersheds, and in proximity to areas with a high density of annual Hg emissions and areas with high average weekly Hg wet deposition. In a statistical analysis, relatively strong, positive correlations in the wet deposition of Hg and sulfate were shown for co-located NADP Hg-monitoring and acid-rain monitoring sites in the Region. This finding indicated that efficiency in regional Hg monitoring can be improved by adding new Hg monitoring to existing NADP acid-rain monitoring sites.Implementation of the GLAMM network design will require Hg-wet-deposition monitoring to be: (a) continued at 12 MDN sites active in 2013 and (b) restarted or added at 9 NADP sites where it is absent in 2013. Ongoing discussions between the states in the Great Lakes Region, the Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (a regional planning entity), the NADP, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Geological Survey are needed for coordinating the GLAMM network. © 2013. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/80760
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
There are no files associated with this item.
作者单位: U.S. Geological Survey, 5957 Lakeside Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46278, United States; Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, 9501 W. Devon Ave., Rosemont, IL 60018, United States; Illinois State Water Survey, University of Illinois, 2204 Griffith Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, United States
Recommended Citation:
Risch M,R,, Kenski D,et al. A great lakes atmospheric mercury monitoring network: Evaluation and design[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2014-01-01,85