DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.04.003
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85045391549
论文题名: A national-scale review of air pollutant concentrations measured in the U.S. near-road monitoring network during 2014 and 2015
作者: DeWinter J ; L ; , Brown S ; G ; , Seagram A ; F ; , Landsberg K ; , Eisinger D ; S
刊名: Atmospheric Environment
ISSN: 0168-2563
EISSN: 1573-515X
出版年: 2018
卷: 183 起始页码: 94
结束页码: 105
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Air pollution
; Near-road
; Nitrogen dioxide
; Particulate matter
Scopus关键词: Air pollution
; Air quality
; Air quality standards
; Carbon monoxide
; Environmental Protection Agency
; Nitrogen oxides
; Roads and streets
; Air pollutant concentrations
; Air quality monitoring
; Health based standards
; National ambient air quality standards
; Near-road
; Nitrogen dioxides
; Particulate Matter
; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
; Urban growth
; carbon monoxide
; nitrogen dioxide
; air quality
; atmospheric pollution
; carbon monoxide
; concentration (composition)
; nitrogen dioxide
; particulate matter
; road
; spatiotemporal analysis
; urban area
; air monitoring
; air pollutant
; Article
; California
; concentration (parameters)
; highway
; Ontario
; particulate matter
; pollution monitoring
; priority journal
; United States
; urban area
; United States
Scopus学科分类: Environmental Science: Water Science and Technology
; Earth and Planetary Sciences: Earth-Surface Processes
; Environmental Science: Environmental Chemistry
英文摘要: In 2010, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) revised the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for NO2 to include a primary health-based standard for hourly NO2, and required air quality monitoring next to major roadways in urban areas in the U.S. Requirements for near-road measurements also include carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5). We performed a national-scale assessment of air pollutants measured at 81 sites in the near-road environment during the first two years (2014 and 2015) of the new measurement program. We evaluated how concentrations at these locations compared to the NAAQS, to concentrations measured at other sites within the same urban areas, and when considering their site characteristics (distance of monitor to road, traffic volume, and meteorology). We also estimated the contribution of emissions from adjacent roadways at each near-road site to the PM2.5 concentrations above the local urban background concentrations, i.e., the near-road “increment.” Hourly values of CO reached a maximum of 4.8 ppm across 31 sites in 2014 and 9.6 ppm across 47 sites in 2015, and were well below the NAAQS levels for both the 1-hr (35 ppm) and 8-hr (9 ppm) standards. Hourly concentrations of near-road NO2 reached 258 ppb across 40 sites in 2014; however, there were only two occurrences of a daily 1-hr maximum NO2 concentration above 100 ppb (the level of the hourly NO2 standard). In 2015, hourly concentrations of near-road NO2, monitored at 61 sites in 55 urban areas, reached 154 ppb. Only 0.0015% (n = 5) of hourly NO2 observations in 2015 exceeded 100 ppb. The highest annual NO2 average recorded in 2015 (29.9 ppb) occurred at the Ontario site located along I-10 in the Los Angeles, California, area and was below the level of the NO2 annual standard (53 ppb); in 2014, the highest annual mean NO2 was also observed in Los Angeles at the Anaheim site (27.1 ppb). In 2014, sites in Cincinnati, Indianapolis, and Louisville recorded annual average PM2.5 concentrations at or above 12 μg/m3 (the level of the annual standard). There were 15 occurrences in 2014 of 24-hr PM2.5 concentrations above the NAAQS level of 35 μg/m3. Annual average PM2.5 exceeded 12 μg/m3 at near-road sites in five urban areas in 2015, and there were 33 days across 12 near-road locations with 24-hr PM2.5 concentrations above 35 μg/m3. Across the near-road monitoring network, annual average PM2.5 concentrations did not have a significant relationship with traffic volume or distance between the monitor and the adjacent roadway; rather, variations in PM2.5 were mostly driven by urban-scale PM2.5, with a typically small “increment” above urban-scale concentrations due to a site's proximity to the roadway. We estimated this increment, i.e., the difference between near-road PM2.5 concentrations and the concentrations at sites in the urban area of each near-road monitor, to be on average 1.2 μg/m3 (σ = 0.3 μg/m3), with a range of −1.2 μg/m3 to 3.1 μg/m3 across the 26 sites (four of which had a negative increment). The near-road increment is on average 13% of the near-road PM2.5, and 15% of the near-road PM2.5 for sites within 20 m of the roadway. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/82869
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA, United States; Washington State Department of Transportation, Olympia, WA, United States
Recommended Citation:
DeWinter J,L,, Brown S,et al. A national-scale review of air pollutant concentrations measured in the U.S. near-road monitoring network during 2014 and 2015[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2018-01-01,183